diff options
| author | iximeow <me@iximeow.net> | 2026-02-19 02:14:57 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | iximeow <me@iximeow.net> | 2026-05-25 04:31:49 +0000 |
| commit | 87dc48adcce4e80aa98a2867edacc023579fc4c4 (patch) | |
| tree | 940bf543d76b8d294f3d2abb792fb0ff6fa7e296 | |
| parent | 0ec3011a3d04de741be642e4d36e826174657fdc (diff) | |
add behavior information for x86_64 instructions
this is a squash of a few months' hacking, including but not limited to
what eventually got extracted into
https://git.iximeow.net/asmlinator/about/
the path here is generally not historically interesting, and the vast
majority of this diff is very particular static data tables
(BehaviorDigests and implicit operand lists)
`src/long_mode/behavior.rs` will more or less be directly adapted into
versions for x86-32 and x86-16, similar to the instruction decoders.
| -rw-r--r-- | CHANGELOG | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | Cargo.toml | 25 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | fuzz/Cargo.toml | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | fuzz/fuzz_targets/behavior_does_not_panic.rs | 138 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | goodfile | 14 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/behavior.rs | 294 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/lib.rs | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/long_mode/behavior.rs | 5856 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/long_mode/mod.rs | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | src/long_mode/uarch.rs | 12 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/long_mode/behavior.rs | 2416 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/long_mode/mod.rs | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | test/long_mode/reuse_test.rs | 8 |
13 files changed, 8787 insertions, 9 deletions
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@ ## 2.1.0 +* x86-64, x86-32, and x86-16 instructions now have associated behavior information + (operand read/write, exceptions, privilege levels) accessible via `Instruction::behavior()`. + the new `behavior` modules include examples and further discussion of the new APIs. * `InstDecoder` for all execution modes now has many more feature flags. * `InstDecoder::default` still constructs a decoder that decodes all supported instructions. * more ISA extensions can be individually selected for decoding support, though note @@ -9,6 +12,8 @@ * removed 3DNow support from AMD uarch-specific decoders after K10 * RegSpec register helpers to construct RegSpec from register numbers are now const fn (RegSpec::xmm, RegSpec::q, RegSpec::d, RegSpec::st, etc) +* new crate feature flag, `unstable`, for library features that may see + breaking changes across semver-compatible releases. * for uarch-specific decoding, there is now a feature bit for Intel Key Locker. this corrects an issue where Key Locker instructions would decode under AMD-specific decoders. * push-immediate, pushf, popf, pusha, popa, enter, leave, and xlat now all report a correct memory @@ -17,8 +17,15 @@ yaxpeax-arch = { version = "0.3.1", default-features = false, features = [] } "serde_derive" = { version = "1.0", optional = true } "cfg-if" = "1.0.0" +# if yaxpeax-x86 ever pulls this into your dep tree: sorry! please report that! +# this is only used for verifying library structures are kept in sync. it +# should only be pulled in with the _debug_internal_asserts feature which you +# should not be using! +strum = { version = "0.28.0", features = ["derive"], optional = true } + [dev-dependencies] -rand = "0.8.4" +rand = { version = "0.10.0", features = ["thread_rng"] } +asmlinator = { version = "2.0.0" } [[test]] name = "test" @@ -37,7 +44,7 @@ opt-level = 3 lto = true [features] -default = ["std", "colors", "use-serde", "fmt"] +default = ["std", "colors", "use-serde", "fmt", "behavior"] # opt-in for some apis that are really much nicer with String std = ["alloc", "yaxpeax-arch/std"] @@ -51,10 +58,21 @@ alloc = ["yaxpeax-arch/alloc"] # feature for formatting instructions and their components fmt = [] +# feature for additional instruction behavior information +# +# as of writing this includes an additional ~6kb of combined code and data +# per-decoder. much like `fmt`, this is mostly useful to ensure that unused +# data truly is not included in a build. +behavior = [] + use-serde = ["yaxpeax-arch/use-serde", "serde", "serde_derive"] colors = ["yaxpeax-arch/colors"] +# feature for library surface areas that are *NOT STABLE*. these will change in +# semver-incompatible ways across any releases. +unstable = [] + # This enables some capstone benchmarks over the same # instruction bytes used to bench this code. capstone_bench = [] @@ -65,3 +83,6 @@ profiling = [] # do not use this. it is for development and library debugging only. _debug_internal_disasm_stats = [] + +# do not use this. it is for development and library testing only. +_debug_internal_asserts = ["strum"] diff --git a/fuzz/Cargo.toml b/fuzz/Cargo.toml index a1f871e..23e8a88 100644 --- a/fuzz/Cargo.toml +++ b/fuzz/Cargo.toml @@ -58,3 +58,9 @@ name = "small_reg_is_always_old_bank_if_possible" path = "fuzz_targets/small_reg_is_always_old_bank_if_possible.rs" test = false doc = false + +[[bin]] +name = "behavior_does_not_panic" +path = "fuzz_targets/behavior_does_not_panic.rs" +test = false +doc = false diff --git a/fuzz/fuzz_targets/behavior_does_not_panic.rs b/fuzz/fuzz_targets/behavior_does_not_panic.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..1b6ac96 --- /dev/null +++ b/fuzz/fuzz_targets/behavior_does_not_panic.rs @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +#![no_main] +#[macro_use] extern crate libfuzzer_sys; +extern crate yaxpeax_x86; + +fuzz_target!(|data: &[u8]| { + if data.len() > 15 { + return; + } + let x86_64_decoder = yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::InstDecoder::default(); + let x86_32_decoder = yaxpeax_x86::protected_mode::InstDecoder::default(); + let x86_16_decoder = yaxpeax_x86::real_mode::InstDecoder::default(); + /* + let inst_32b = x86_32_decoder.decode_slice(data).expect("is ok"); + let inst_16b = x86_16_decoder.decode_slice(data).expect("is ok"); + */ + + if let Ok(inst_64b) = x86_64_decoder.decode_slice(data) { + /* + for b in data { + eprint!("{:02x}", b); + } + eprintln!(": {}", inst_64b); + */ + let behavior_64b = inst_64b.behavior(); + let _ = behavior_64b.privilege_level(); + let _ = behavior_64b.exceptions(); + let _ = behavior_64b.implicit_oplist(); + for i in 0..5 { + let _ = behavior_64b.operand_access(i); + } + + let mut opcount_64b = 0; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::{Opcode as b64Opcode, Operand as b64Operand}; + + if let Ok(ops) = behavior_64b.all_operands() { + // eprintln!("checking instr {}", inst_64b); + for (op, acc) in ops.iter() { + match op { + b64Operand::ImmediateI8 { .. } | + b64Operand::ImmediateU8 { .. } | + b64Operand::ImmediateI16 { .. } | + b64Operand::ImmediateU16 { .. } | + b64Operand::ImmediateI32 { .. } | + b64Operand::ImmediateU32 { .. } | + b64Operand::ImmediateI64 { .. } => { + // immediates are not reported as "accessed" below, as they are not really + // architectural state to be "accessed".. so skip them here to make the + // counters line up. + continue; + }, + _ => {} + } +// eprintln!("saw {:?}, {:?}", op, acc); + let mut accs = 0; + if inst_64b.opcode() == b64Opcode::LEA && op.is_memory() { + // the access-visiting interface below does not report a memory access for lea + // because lea does not access memory. skip it to make the counters line up. + continue; + } + match op { + b64Operand::AbsoluteU32 { .. } | + b64Operand::AbsoluteU64 { .. } | + b64Operand::Register { .. } | + b64Operand::MemDeref { .. } | + b64Operand::Disp { .. } | + b64Operand::MemIndexScale { .. } | + b64Operand::MemIndexScaleDisp { .. } | + b64Operand::MemBaseIndexScale { .. } | + b64Operand::MemBaseIndexScaleDisp { .. } => { + accs = 1; + } + b64Operand::RegisterMaskMerge { mask, .. } | + b64Operand::RegisterMaskMergeSae { mask, .. } | + b64Operand::RegisterMaskMergeSaeNoround { mask, .. } | + b64Operand::MemDerefMasked { mask, .. } | + b64Operand::DispMasked { mask, .. } | + b64Operand::MemIndexScaleMasked { mask, .. } | + b64Operand::MemIndexScaleDispMasked { mask, .. } | + b64Operand::MemBaseIndexScaleMasked { mask, .. } | + b64Operand::MemBaseIndexScaleDispMasked { mask, .. } => { + accs = 1; + if mask.num() != 0 { + // the variants producing RegisterMaskMerge* are not sufficiently + // careful.. + accs += 1; + } + } + _ => { + // immediates don't produce a register/memory read/write + accs = 0; + } + } + // read-write accesses are reported as two accesses in the visitor interface below. + // count such cases twice here to make the counters line up. + if acc.is_read() { + opcount_64b += accs; + } + if acc.is_write() { + opcount_64b += accs; + } + } + } + + struct AccessCounter<'ctr> { + counter: &'ctr mut usize, + } + + impl<'ctr> yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::behavior::AccessVisitor for AccessCounter<'ctr> { + fn register_read(&mut self, _reg: yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::RegSpec) { +// eprintln!("saw read {:?}", _reg); + *self.counter += 1; + } + fn register_write(&mut self, _reg: yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::RegSpec) { +// eprintln!("saw write {:?}", _reg); + *self.counter += 1; + } + fn get_register(&mut self, _reg: yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::RegSpec) -> Option<u64> { None } + fn memory_read(&mut self, _address: Option<u64>, _size: u32) { +// eprintln!("saw read {:?}", _size); + *self.counter += 1; + } + fn memory_write(&mut self, _address: Option<u64>, _size: u32) { +// eprintln!("saw write {:?}", _size); + *self.counter += 1; + } + } + + let mut acc_seen_64b = 0; + let mut visitor = AccessCounter { + counter: &mut acc_seen_64b, + }; + + let visit_res = behavior_64b.visit_accesses(&mut visitor); + if visit_res.is_ok() { + assert_eq!(opcount_64b, acc_seen_64b); + } + } +}); @@ -9,11 +9,23 @@ Step.start("crate") Step.push("build") Build.run({"cargo", "build"}) -- `run` automatically records stdout and stderr to log files named after the command Step.advance("test") -Build.run({"cargo", "test"}, {name="test stdlib/fmt"}) -- artifacts are stored under `name` if that's present +-- default features include "behavior" which gets the relatively slow (and KVM-requiring) behavior validation tests +Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--features", "_debug_internal_asserts", "--", "--skip", "kvm"}, {name="test stdlib/fmt"}) -- artifacts are stored under `name` if that's present +-- but no default features means these aren't built in! Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--no-default-features"}, {name="test nostdlib/nofmt"}) Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--no-default-features", "--features", "fmt"}, {name="test nostdlib/fmt"}) Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--no-default-features", "--features", "std"}, {name="test nostdlib/std"}) +Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--no-default-features", "--features", "unstable"}, {name="test nostdlib/unstable"}) Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--no-default-features", "--features", "std,fmt"}, {name="test nostdlib/std+fmt"}) +Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--no-default-features", "--features", "std,fmt,unstable"}, {name="test nostdlib/std+fmt+unstable"}) + +Step.advance("test-kvm") +Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--release", "--no-default-features", "--features", "behavior"}, {name="test nostdlib/behavior"}) +Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--release", "--no-default-features", "--features", "behavior,fmt"}, {name="test nostdlib/behavior+fmt"}) +Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--release", "--no-default-features", "--features", "behavior,std"}, {name="test nostdlib/behavior+std"}) +Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--release", "--no-default-features", "--features", "behavior,fmt,std,_debug_internal_asserts"}, {name="test nostdlib/behavior+fmt+std"}) +Build.run({"cargo", "test", "--release", "--no-default-features", "--features", "behavior,fmt,std,unstable,_debug_internal_asserts"}, {name="test nostdlib/behavior+fmt+std+unstable"}) + -- the interesting benchmarking happens through disas-bench, but the in-tree capstone bench isn't gone *quite* yet. Step.start("bench") diff --git a/src/behavior.rs b/src/behavior.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..38525dd --- /dev/null +++ b/src/behavior.rs @@ -0,0 +1,294 @@ +//! common types used for instruction behavior analysis across `yaxpeax-x86` +//! +//! these types are, in particular, used in [`yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::behavior`], +//! [`yaxpeax_x86::protected_mode::behavior`], and [`yaxpeax_x86::real_mode::behavior`]. specifics +//! like `Operand` are still mode-dependent, in part because `RegSpec` is different across modes. +//! likewise, there is no generic method to go from an `Instruction` to these kinds of accessors +//! yet. that said, `Instruction::behavior()` returns an `InstBehavior` that works effectively the +//! same way in all modes. + +// a lot of people have told me that we don't need to read code anymore, just like we "never look at +// machine code anymore". sit with me and have a sad laugh for a moment. if we weren't here, reading +// and thinking and talking about how to model the computer, where would the training data come +// from? "you're not being left behind, it's a personal choice!", i've heard. a year later this has +// evolved into "it is an abdication of your responsibility as an engineer to not pay Anthropic". +// it is our ~moral responsibility~ to build the highest quality software in service of furthering +// the rot? it is an abdication of ethics to claim all works are good. + +/// a collection of possible exceptions an instruction can raise. this covers the handful of +/// well-defined exception vectors with bits matching to the exception vectors listed in SDM +/// chapter 6.5.1 "Call and Return Operation for Interrupt or Exception Handling Procedures" +/// specifically "Table 6-1. Exceptions and Interrupts". +pub struct ExceptionInfo { + possible_vectors: u32, +} + +/// an individual exception vector. these are just a tiny wrapper around `u8` to have some +/// associated constant definitions. +/// +/// the associated constants on this type are named according to the Intel SDM chapter 7.3 "SOURCES +/// OF INTERRUPTS" table 7-1 "Protected-Mode Exceptions and Interrupts". similar descriptions can +/// be found in the AMD APM. +#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq)] +pub struct Exception { + vector: u8, +} + +impl Exception { + /// Divide Error + pub const DE: Exception = Exception::vector(0); + /// Debug + pub const DB: Exception = Exception::vector(1); + /// Non-Maskable Interrupt + pub const NMI: Exception = Exception::vector(2); + /// Breakpoint + pub const BP: Exception = Exception::vector(3); + /// Overflow + pub const OF: Exception = Exception::vector(4); + /// BOUND Range Exceeded + pub const BR: Exception = Exception::vector(5); + /// Invalid Opcode (Undefined Opcode) + pub const UD: Exception = Exception::vector(6); + /// Device Not Available (No Math Coprocessor) + pub const NM: Exception = Exception::vector(7); + /// Double Fault + pub const DF: Exception = Exception::vector(8); + // CoProcessor Segment Overrun (reserved) + // from the SDM: + // > IA-32 processors after the Intel386 processor do not generate this exception. + // + // and as the mnemonic has since been reused for exception vector 16, + // `Floating-Point Error (Math Fault)`, we won't bother giving vector 9 a nice symbolic name. + // const MF: Exception = Exception::vector(9); + /// Invalid TSS + pub const TS: Exception = Exception::vector(10); + /// Segment Not Present + pub const NP: Exception = Exception::vector(11); + /// Stack Segment Fault + pub const SS: Exception = Exception::vector(12); + /// General Protection + pub const GP: Exception = Exception::vector(13); + /// Page Fault + pub const PF: Exception = Exception::vector(14); + // vector 15 is reserved + /// Floating-Point Error (Math Fault) + pub const MF: Exception = Exception::vector(16); + /// Alignment Check + pub const AC: Exception = Exception::vector(17); + /// Machine Check + pub const MC: Exception = Exception::vector(18); + /// SIMD Floating-Point Exception + pub const XM: Exception = Exception::vector(19); + /// Virtualization Exception + pub const VE: Exception = Exception::vector(20); + /// Control Protection Exception + pub const CP: Exception = Exception::vector(21); + + /// construct an `Exception` for the provided exception vector number. + /// + /// this is provided for convenience when converting (for example) the number in an x86 + /// exception handler to the kinds of `Exception` in this library. + pub const fn vector(vector: u8) -> Self { + Self { vector } + } + + /// convert this `Exception` to an index into an x86 IDT. + pub const fn to_u8(&self) -> u8 { + self.vector + } + + #[cfg(any(doc, feature = "fmt"))] + /// get the typical mnemonic for this `Exception`, if one is documented. + /// + /// the names returned by helper do not include a leading `#`. they come from the Intel SDM + /// chapter 7.3 "SOURCES OF INTERRUPTS" table 7-1 "Protected-Mode Exceptions and Interrupts". + /// similar descriptions can be found in the AMD APM. + pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&'static str> { + static NAMES: [Option<&'static str>; 22] = [ + Some("DE"), Some("DB"), Some("NMI"), Some("BP"), + Some("OF"), Some("BR"), Some("UD"), Some("NM"), + Some("DF"), None, Some("TS"), Some("NP"), + Some("SS"), Some("GP"), Some("PF"), None, + Some("MF"), Some("AC"), Some("MC"), Some("XM"), + Some("VE"), Some("CP") + ]; + + if let Some(maybe_name) = NAMES.get(self.vector as usize) { + *maybe_name + } else { + None + } + } +} + +#[cfg(feature = "fmt")] +use core::fmt; +#[cfg(feature = "fmt")] +impl fmt::Debug for Exception { + fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { + if let Some(name) = self.name() { + write!(f, "#{}", name) + } else { + write!(f, "#Int{}", self.to_u8()) + } + } +} + +impl ExceptionInfo { + /// construct an empty set of possible exception vectors. + pub fn empty() -> Self { + Self { + possible_vectors: 0, + } + } + + /// test if this `ExceptionInfo` has any possible vector set. + pub fn any(&self) -> bool { + self.possible_vectors != 0 + } + + /// test if this `ExceptionInfo` has no vector set. + pub fn none(&self) -> bool { + !self.any() + } + + /// test if this `ExceptionInfo` indicates that exception `e` may be raised. + pub fn may(&self, e: Exception) -> bool { + (self.possible_vectors & (1 << e.vector)) != 0 + } + + /// record that exception `e` is or is not (`b`) possible in this `ExceptionInfo` record. + pub const fn set(&mut self, e: Exception, b: bool) { + let offset = e.vector; + assert!(offset < 32); + let mask = !(1 << offset); + let bit = (b as u32) << offset; + + self.possible_vectors &= mask; + self.possible_vectors |= bit; + } + + /// record that exception `e` is or is not (`b`) possible in this `ExceptionInfo` record, but + /// in a more chaining-friendly way. + pub const fn with(mut self, e: Exception, b: bool) -> Self { + self.set(e, b); + self + } +} + +#[test] +fn test_exception_info() { + let mut info = ExceptionInfo::empty(); + info.set(Exception::MF, true); + assert_eq!(info.possible_vectors, 0x10000); + + info.set(Exception::MF, true); + assert_eq!(info.possible_vectors, 0x10000); + + info.set(Exception::MF, false); + assert_eq!(info.possible_vectors, 0x00000); + + info.set(Exception::GP, false); + assert_eq!(info.possible_vectors, 0x00000); + + info.set(Exception::GP, true); + assert_eq!(info.possible_vectors, 0x02000); + + info.set(Exception::MF, true); + assert_eq!(info.possible_vectors, 0x12000); +} + +/// a description of the privilege level (that is, value of `CPL` in the current code selector) +/// that allows executing the corresponding instruction. +#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash)] +pub enum PrivilegeLevel { + /// the corresponding instruction can run at any privilege level. + Any = 0b00, + /// the corresponding instruction can only run when `CPL=0` (aka "in ring 0"). + PL0 = 0b01, + /// the corresponding instruction has more complex rule for when it is allowed. + /// + /// this may mean the instruction is either "Any" or "PL0" depending on other processor state + /// (such as `rdtsc`), or it may mean the instruction simply does not relate directly to + /// `CPL=3`/`CPL=0` (such as for `iret`). + Special = 0b10, +} + +/// a description of how an operand is used. +/// +/// `Access::ReadWrite` can be processed in the same manner as that operand listed as +/// `Access::Read` followed by that same operand listed as `Access::Write`. +/// +/// **important**: the meaning of `Access` is different for `flags`/`eflags`/`rflags` than other +/// operands! these differences are documented on enum variants below. +#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq)] +pub enum Access { + /// the corresponding operand is read. + /// + /// for memory operands, this describes the referenced memory; implicitly the registers used in + /// the operand's address calculation are also read. + Read = 0b01, + /// the corresponding operand is written. + /// + /// for memory operands, this describes the referenced memory; implicitly the registers used in + /// the operand's address calculation are also read. + /// + /// for flags/eflags/rflags, "write" refers to some subset of flag bits as appropriate for the + /// instruction, and implies that the instruction does not depend on the initial state of those + /// bits. this is in contrast to `Write` for other operands, where it implies a full write of + /// the corresponding operand. as a concrete example, `add` reports the flags register as a + /// `Write` since the resulting flag bits are purely a function of the `add` register/memory + /// operands. + Write = 0b10, + /// the corresponding operand is read and written. + /// + /// in some cases `Access::ReadWrite` is chosen in particular to represent a parital-write; + /// this is especially true with SIMD instructions as `yaxpeax-x86` does not currently have the + /// ability to express individual SIMD lane read/write operations. the `vmov{h,l}{ps,pd}` + /// instructions are more common examples of this access form. this kind of partial-write + /// access is reported as `Access::Write` for flags/eflags/rflags. + /// + /// for flags/eflags/rflags, "read-write" refers to some subset of flag bits as appropriate for the + /// instruction, and implies that the instruction does depends on the initial state of those + /// bits as well as modifying some (possibly different) bits in flags as a result. + /// as a concrete example, `adc` reports the flags register as a `ReadWrite` because the + /// initial state of `cf` is an input to the addition, and the normal arithmetic flags are + /// written based on the result. + /// + /// for memory operands, this describes the referenced memory; implicitly the registers used in + /// the operand's address calculation are also read. + ReadWrite = 0b11, + /// the corresponding operand is not actually accessed for reading or writing. + /// + /// this is only used to describe the operand of `nop` or `ud1` instructions. + None = 0b00, +} + +impl Access { + // translate two bits to an `Access`. panics if the bit pattern has anything other than the low + // two bits set. don't do that. + pub(crate) fn from_bits(bits: u8) -> Option<Access> { + const LUT: [Option<Access>; 4] = [ + Some(Access::None), Some(Access::Read), + Some(Access::Write), Some(Access::ReadWrite), + ]; + + assert!(bits <= 0b11); + + LUT[bits as usize] + } + + /// is this access a read? + /// + /// if it is `ReadWrite`, this will be `true` as will `is_write`. + pub fn is_read(&self) -> bool { + *self as u8 & 0b01 != 0 + } + + /// is this access a write? + /// + /// if it is `ReadWrite`, this will be `true` as will `is_read`. + pub fn is_write(&self) -> bool { + *self as u8 & 0b10 != 0 + } +} @@ -128,6 +128,11 @@ extern crate serde; #[cfg(feature="std")] extern crate alloc; +#[cfg(feature="behavior")] +mod behavior; +#[cfg(feature="behavior")] +pub use behavior::{Access, Exception, ExceptionInfo, PrivilegeLevel}; + #[macro_use] mod isa_settings; diff --git a/src/long_mode/behavior.rs b/src/long_mode/behavior.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..dbadd29 --- /dev/null +++ b/src/long_mode/behavior.rs @@ -0,0 +1,5856 @@ +//! behavior information for x86-64 instructions. +//! +//! this module allows users of yaxpeax-x86 to collect operand read/write information about +//! instructions ([`InstBehavior::operand_access()`]), as well as allowed execution level +//! ([`InstBehavior::privilege_level()`]), potential exceptions ([`InstBehavior::exceptions()`]), +//! and iterating all explicit and implicit operands ([`InstBehavior::all_operands()`]). +//! +//! a concise example of the information provided by this model: +//! ``` +//! extern crate alloc; +//! +//! use yaxpeax_x86::Access; +//! use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::{InstDecoder, Operand, RegSpec}; +//! +//! // `3300` is "xor eax, dword [rax]" +//! let bytes = &[0x33, 0x00]; +//! let inst = InstDecoder::default().decode_slice(bytes).expect("can decode trivial instructions"); +//! +//! #[cfg(feature="fmt")] +//! assert_eq!(inst.to_string(), "xor eax, dword [rax]"); +//! +//! let behavior = inst.behavior(); +//! let operands = behavior.all_operands().expect("xor eax, eax is not complex"); +//! +//! let collected: alloc::vec::Vec<(Operand, Access)> = operands.iter().collect(); +//! let expected = alloc::vec![ +//! (Operand::Register { reg: RegSpec::rflags() }, Access::Write), +//! (Operand::Register { reg: RegSpec::eax() }, Access::ReadWrite), +//! (Operand::MemDeref { base: RegSpec::rax() }, Access::Read), +//! ]; +//! assert_eq!(collected, expected); +//! +//! #[cfg(feature="unstable")] +//! { +//! use yaxpeax_x86::{Exception, PrivilegeLevel}; +//! +//! assert_eq!(behavior.privilege_level(), Some(PrivilegeLevel::Any)); +//! let exceptions = behavior.exceptions(); +//! assert!(!exceptions.none()); +//! assert!(exceptions.may(Exception::PF)); +//! } +//! ``` +//! +//! [`InstBehavior::all_operands()`] and [`InstBehavior::visit_accesses()`] may error with a +//! [`ComplexOp`]; this enum enumerates instructions either involving architectural state not +//! expressed in yaxpeax-x86' API, or otherwise related to processor state in a way that simply +//! considering the operands as-presented would be inaccurate. where possible, documentation on +//! `ComplexOp` tries to guide users towards how to handle such instructions. +//! +//! some behavior information in this module is "unstable", meaning it must be opted into with +//! `feature = ["unstable"]` on yaxpeax-x86; information from "unstable" interfaces may be +//! less-tested and change across semver-compatible releases! if you want to use unstable +//! interfaces here, first: thank you!! please report any issues, and second: consider pinning to a +//! specific minor version while setting `feature = ["unstable"]` if instruction behavior becoming +//! more correct might present an issue in your application. + +use super::{Instruction, Opcode, Operand, OperandSpec}; +use super::RegSpec; + +use crate::behavior::Access; +#[cfg(any(doc, feature = "unstable"))] +use crate::behavior::{Exception, ExceptionInfo, PrivilegeLevel}; + +/// an accessor for run-time characteristics of instructions. +/// +/// generally, behavior accessors across architectures are expected to have a `behavior()` +/// entrypoint on a decoded instruction. it is not clear which properties of `behavior()` +/// generalize across architectures (yet!) but presumably something like `all_operands()` and +/// `Access` do. +/// +/// additionally, of note for x86: +/// +/// * x86 has privilege levels, where some instructions raise an exception when executed in +/// inappropriate privilege levels. this is expressed by [`InstBehavior::privilege_level()`] and +/// [`InstBehavior::exceptions()`]. +/// * x86 instructions have the familiar operands from textual disassembly, but many instructions +/// have other implied operands. in some cases the implied operand is a second memory-accessing +/// operation (consider `call qword [rcx]`; `qword [rcx]` is one memory access, but the implied +/// push of a return address is a second memory operation). +/// * `{,e,r}flags` is often written and sometimes read, but almost never as an explicit source or +/// destination operand. this can be queried with [`InstBehavior::flags_access()`]. +/// +/// it's also useful to know if implicit and explicit operands are reads, writes, or both, such as +/// when diagnosing a run-time fault. to iterate over this information, `all_operands().iter()`. or +/// `visit_accesses(&mut ..)` to collect all operand/access information for this instruction. +#[derive(Copy, Clone)] +pub struct InstBehavior<'inst> { + inst: &'inst Instruction, + behavior: BehaviorDigest, +} + +impl Instruction { + /// get a struct to query behaviors of an instruction. + /// + /// "behaviors" is broad! as of writing, "behavior" covers "implicit and explicit operand + /// reads/writes", "possible exceptions", "allowed privilege levels", and "instruction has + /// additional semantics not easily expressed by this library". + /// + /// see the documentation for [`InstBehavior`] as well as the + /// [`behavior`][crate::long_mode::behavior] module for more information. + pub fn behavior<'inst>(&'inst self) -> InstBehavior<'inst> { + let mut behavior = opcode2behavior(&self.opcode); + + if behavior.is_nontrivial() { + // mul and imul are incredibly frustrating, with multiple behaviors corresponding to + // different encodings with different opcode counts. fix up behaviors here.. + if self.opcode == Opcode::MUL || (self.opcode == Opcode::IMUL && self.operand_count == 1) { + let op_width = if self.operands[0] == OperandSpec::RegMMM { + self.regs[1].width() + } else { + self.mem_size + }; + let ops_idx = match op_width { + 1 => MUL_IDX_1OP_BYTE, + 2 => MUL_IDX_1OP_WORD, + 4 => MUL_IDX_1OP_DWORD, + _ /* 8 */ => MUL_IDX_1OP_QWORD, + }; + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(ops_idx); + } else if self.opcode == Opcode::IMUL { + if self.operand_count == 2 { + behavior = behavior + .set_operand(0, Access::ReadWrite) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read); + } else if self.operand_count == 3 { + behavior = behavior + .set_operand(0, Access::ReadWrite) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_operand(2, Access::Read); + } + } else if self.opcode == Opcode::DIV || self.opcode == Opcode::IDIV { + let op_width = if self.operands[0] == OperandSpec::RegMMM { + self.regs[1].width() + } else { + self.mem_size + }; + let ops_idx = match op_width { + 1 => DIV_IDX_1OP_BYTE, + 2 => DIV_IDX_1OP_WORD, + 4 => DIV_IDX_1OP_DWORD, + _ /* 8 */ => DIV_IDX_1OP_QWORD, + }; + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(ops_idx); + } else if self.opcode == Opcode::NOP { + if self.operand_count == 1 { + behavior = behavior + .set_operand(0, Access::None); + } + } else if self.opcode == Opcode::CMPXCHG { + let op_width = if self.operands[0] == OperandSpec::RegMMM { + self.regs[1].width() + } else { + self.mem_size + }; + let ops_idx = match op_width { + 1 => CMPXCHG_IDX_BYTE, + 2 => CMPXCHG_IDX_WORD, + 4 => CMPXCHG_IDX_DWORD, + _ /* 8 */ => CMPXCHG_IDX_QWORD, + }; + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(ops_idx); + } else if self.opcode == Opcode::VMOVLPS || self.opcode == Opcode::VMOVHPS || + self.opcode == Opcode::VMOVLPD || self.opcode == Opcode::VMOVHPD { + if self.operand_count == 2 { + behavior = behavior + .set_operand(0, Access::ReadWrite); + } else { + behavior = behavior + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_operand(2, Access::Read); + } + } else if self.opcode() == Opcode::EXTRQ { + if self.operand_count > 2 { + behavior = behavior + .set_operand(2, Access::Read); + } + } else if self.opcode() == Opcode::INSERTQ { + if self.operand_count > 2 { + behavior = behavior + .set_operand(2, Access::Read) + .set_operand(3, Access::Read); + } + } else if self.opcode() == Opcode::RETURN { + if self.operand_count != 0 { + behavior = behavior + .set_operand(0, Access::Read); + } + } else if self.opcode() == Opcode::RETF { + if self.operand_count != 0 { + behavior = behavior + .set_operand(0, Access::Read); + } + } else if self.opcode() == Opcode::MULX { + // `mulx` is always vex-encoded. + if self.prefixes.vex_unchecked().w() { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(MULX_64B_IDX); + } else { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(MULX_32B_IDX); + } + } else if self.opcode() == Opcode::VMASKMOVDQU { + // in 64-bit mode, 67 overrides 64-bit addressing down to 32-bit. + if self.prefixes.address_size() { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(EDI_MEMWRITE_IDX); + } else { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(RDI_MEMWRITE_IDX); + } + } else if self.opcode() == Opcode::PCMPESTRI || self.opcode() == Opcode::VPCMPESTRI { + if self.prefixes.vex_unchecked().w() { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(PCMPESTRI_64B_IDX); + } else { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(PCMPESTRI_32B_IDX); + } + } else if self.opcode() == Opcode::PCMPESTRM || self.opcode() == Opcode::VPCMPESTRM { + if self.prefixes.vex_unchecked().w() { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(PCMPESTRM_64B_IDX); + } else { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(PCMPESTRM_32B_IDX); + } + } else if self.opcode() == Opcode::LOOPNZ + || self.opcode() == Opcode::LOOPZ + || self.opcode() == Opcode::LOOP + || self.opcode() == Opcode::JRCXZ { + if self.prefixes.rex_unchecked().w() { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(RW_RCX_IDX); + } else if self.prefixes.operand_size() { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(RW_CX_IDX); + } else { + behavior = behavior + .set_implicit_ops(RW_ECX_IDX); + } + } else { + // there should never be an unhandled nontrivial opcode, but leave this in so + // fuzzing and testing can make sure. this way in normal builds the branch is empty + // and compilers can forget all about it for us. + #[cfg(feature = "_debug_internal_asserts")] + unreachable!(); + } + } + + InstBehavior { + inst: self, + behavior + } + } +} + +/// a handle for an instruction, its behavior, and any related implicit operands. +/// +/// this is only useful for [`InstOperands::iter()`]. +#[derive(Copy, Clone)] +pub struct InstOperands<'inst> { + inst: InstBehavior<'inst>, + implicit_ops: &'static [ImplicitOperand], +} + +impl<'inst> InstOperands<'inst> { + /// establish an iterator over the operands described in this `InstOperands`. + pub fn iter(self) -> AccessIter<'inst> { + AccessIter::new(self) + } +} + +/// this struct implements [`Iterator`] to allow library users to walk all explicit and implicit +/// operands for the corresponding instruction, along with if they are used for reading or for +/// writing. +/// +/// implicit operands are always walked first, explicit operands are walked last. +pub struct AccessIter<'inst> { + operands: InstOperands<'inst>, + explicit: bool, + next: u8, +} + +impl<'inst> AccessIter<'inst> { + fn new(operands: InstOperands<'inst>) -> Self { + Self { + operands, + explicit: false, + next: 0, + } + } + + /// weaken this iterator to only returning the operands corresponding to this instruction, + /// without specific access information. + pub fn operands(self) -> OperandIter<'inst> { + OperandIter { inner: self } + } +} + +impl<'inst> Iterator for AccessIter<'inst> { + type Item = (Operand, Access); + + fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> { + // iteration order is: + // * if the instruction accesses flags, report that + // * then, walk the implicit operand list + // * finally, walk explicit operands + // * fin + + // the implicit operand list might be empty, there may be no flags, etc. so we need to + // consider the implicit operand iterator states up to two times before falling through to + // the first is this the first reported case of buttelement of the explicit operand list (if there is one). using a loop here + // seems like the least-gross way to go... + while !self.explicit { + if self.next == 0 { + // we only consider flags at most once; either we're returning a value here or + // we're going to keep searching through the loop. + self.next += 1; + if let Some(acc) = self.operands.inst.flags_access() { + if acc != Access::None { + return Some((Operand::Register { reg: RegSpec::rflags() }, acc)); + } + } + } else { + let implicit_idx = self.next - 1; + self.next += 1; + + if let Some(entry) = self.operands.implicit_ops.get(implicit_idx as usize) { + let access = if entry.write { + Access::Write + } else { + Access::Read + }; + return Some((entry.into_operand(), access)); + } else { + // we've gotten to the end of implicit operands. flip to explicit operands, + // reset `next`, and continue searching. + self.explicit = true; + self.next = 0; + } + } + } + + + if self.next < self.operands.inst.inst.operand_count() { + let op = self.operands.inst.inst.operand(self.next); + let access = self.operands.inst.operand_access(self.next) + .expect("defined operand has defined access"); + debug_assert!( + access != Access::None || ( + self.operands.inst.inst.opcode == Opcode::NOP || + self.operands.inst.inst.opcode == Opcode::UD1 || + self.operands.inst.inst.opcode == Opcode::UD0 + ) + ); + let res = Some((op, access)); + self.next += 1; + res + } else { + None + } + } +} + +/// a reduced-strength iterator of an instruction's implicit and explicit operands. +/// +/// unlike `AccessIter`, this iterator does not provide read/write information, simply that +/// operands are or are not present. this is more likely useful for some kinds of instruction +/// printing than automated instruction analysis. +pub struct OperandIter<'inst> { + inner: AccessIter<'inst>, +} + +/// enough structure to describe any implicitly-present operand in an x86_64 instruction. +/// +/// this is (maybe surprisingly, compared to the rest of the isa) relatively tiny: the only +/// implicit operands to date are register reads/writes, and simple dereference of a register (such +/// as `[rsp - 8] = ...` in a push). +// TODO: this needs accessors for the elements or something. +#[derive(Copy, Clone)] +pub struct ImplicitOperand { + // TODO: not suitable for public API! + spec: OperandSpec, + reg: RegSpec, + disp: i32, + write: bool, +} + +impl ImplicitOperand { + fn into_operand(self) -> Operand { + match self.spec { + OperandSpec::RegRRR => { + Operand::Register { reg: self.reg } + }, + OperandSpec::Deref => { + Operand::MemDeref { base: self.reg } + } + OperandSpec::Disp => { + Operand::Disp { base: self.reg, disp: self.disp } + } + OperandSpec::Deref_rdi => { + Operand::MemDeref { base: RegSpec::rdi() } + } + // from `xlat` specifically... `base` specifies rbx, infer ax as the index here. + OperandSpec::MemIndexScale => { + Operand::MemBaseIndexScale { + base: self.reg, + index: RegSpec::al(), + scale: 1 + } + } + spec => { + panic!("unexpected implicit op: {:?}", spec); + } + } + } +} + +impl<'inst> Iterator for OperandIter<'inst> { + type Item = Operand; + + fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> { + self.inner.next().map(|(op, _acc)| op) + } +} + +impl<'inst> InstBehavior<'inst> { + #[cfg(any(doc, feature = "unstable"))] + /// get the [`PrivilegeLevel`] for this instruction. + /// + /// returns `None` if no privilege level information is recorded for the instruction. such + /// cases are a bug, please report if you see them. + pub fn privilege_level(&self) -> Option<PrivilegeLevel> { + let pl_bits = self.behavior.behavior & 0b11; + const LUT: [Option<PrivilegeLevel>; 4] = [ + Some(PrivilegeLevel::Any), Some(PrivilegeLevel::PL0), + Some(PrivilegeLevel::Special), None, + ]; + + LUT[pl_bits as usize] + } + + #[cfg(any(doc, feature = "unstable"))] + /// get the [`ExceptionInfo`] for this instruction. + /// + /// this is very much best-effort and poorly tested. it is behind the `unstable` feature for a + /// reason! + pub fn exceptions(&self) -> ExceptionInfo { + let mut exceptions = ExceptionInfo::empty(); + if self.privilege_level() != Some(PrivilegeLevel::Any) { + // TODO: is it correct that executing with incorrect CPL always yields #GP? + exceptions.set(Exception::GP, true); + } + + match self.all_operands() { + Ok(op_info) => { + exceptions.set(Exception::PF, op_info.iter().operands().any(|x| x.is_memory())); + } + Err(_complex) => { + // TODO: is it correct that all complex ops can page fault? no: wrmsr/rdmsr do not + // #PF. + exceptions.set(Exception::PF, true); + } + } + + exceptions + } + + /// transform this instruction's [`Opcode`] into a [`ComplexOp`], if the instruction is + /// "complex". + /// + /// documentation on [`ComplexOp`] covers what instructions are considered "complex" by + /// yaxpeax-x86 and why in more detail. correct analysis of a function (or program!) in the + /// presence of complex instructions may require consulting the Intel Software Developer's + /// Manual or AMD Architecture Programmer's Manual. + pub fn as_complex_op(&self) -> Option<ComplexOp> { + // if the behavior is not complex, it is *definitely* not a complex op. if the behavior is + // complex, it's really a "depending on the specific instruction and operands it might + // be"... + if !self.behavior.is_complex() { + return None; + } + + if self.inst.opcode == Opcode::BT { + if self.inst.operands[0] != OperandSpec::RegMMM { + Some(ComplexOp::BT) + } else { + None + } + } else if self.inst.opcode == Opcode::BTS { + if self.inst.operands[0] != OperandSpec::RegMMM { + Some(ComplexOp::BTS) + } else { + None + } + } else if self.inst.opcode == Opcode::BTR { + if self.inst.operands[0] != OperandSpec::RegMMM { + Some(ComplexOp::BTR) + } else { + None + } + } else if self.inst.opcode == Opcode::BTC { + if self.inst.operands[0] != OperandSpec::RegMMM { + Some(ComplexOp::BTC) + } else { + None + } + } else { + // Safety: every `Opcode` with a `BehaviorDigest` that is `set_complex(true)` has a + // corresponding `ComplexOp` variant set to the same integer value, and the two types + // agree on repr. + let comp: ComplexOp = unsafe { core::mem::transmute::<Opcode, ComplexOp>(self.inst.opcode) }; + Some(comp) + } + } + + /// produce an `InstOperands` describing the explicit and implicit operands of this + /// instruction. + /// + /// "explicit" operands are ones that are displayed as part of the instruction's textual + /// assembly/disassembly, while "implicit" operands are operands describing the reset of the + /// instruction's behavior. + /// + /// this notion of "implicit operands" does not map precisely to terminology from either the + /// Intel SDM or AMD APM. instead, it is provided by `yaxpeax-x86` to try providing an answer + /// to some common queries about instructions . + pub fn all_operands(&self) -> Result<InstOperands<'inst>, ComplexOp> { + if let Some(op) = self.as_complex_op() { + return Err(op); + } + + let implicit_ops = if let Some(ops) = self.implicit_oplist() { + ops + } else { + &[] + }; + + Ok(InstOperands { + inst: *self, + implicit_ops, + }) + } + + /// get the `Access` behavior this instruction has for `rflags`. + /// + /// note that as the documentation for [`Access`] describes, "read" and "write" have slightly + /// different meanings for the flags register than other locations. + // this implies that `rflags` must never appear in an implicit operand list. + pub fn flags_access(&self) -> Option<Access> { + let flag_acc = (self.behavior.behavior >> 2) & 0b11; + Access::from_bits(flag_acc) + } + + fn implicit_oplist(&self) -> Option<&'static [ImplicitOperand]> { + let ops_idx = self.behavior.extra; + if ops_idx == 0 { + return None; + } + + // TODO: ops_idx cannot be out of bounds, so maybe kinda-unchecked here..? + Some(&IMPLICIT_OPS_LIST[ops_idx as usize]) + } + + /// get the `Access` behavor for an explicit operand of this instruction. + /// + /// `None` means that there is no operand at the given index, while `Some(Access::None)` means + /// there is an operand, and the instruction does not actually access it (as for `nop`, `ud0`, + /// and `ud1`) + pub fn operand_access(&self, idx: u8) -> Option<Access> { + if idx >= self.inst.operand_count { + return None; + } + + let op_acc = (self.behavior.operand_access >> (2 * idx)) & 0b11; + Access::from_bits(op_acc) + } + + /// iterate all operands in the instruction and report them to the provided `AccessVisitor`. + /// + /// this is a more informative, but somewhat more specialized, interface than simply iterating + /// [`InstBehavior::all_operands()`]. for memory operands, address calculations are reported to + /// the access visitor as reads of the relevant registers. if all dependent values are + /// available, the resulting effective address is computed and reported as part of the memory + /// access. + /// + /// `visit_accesses()` is slightly more efficient in this than iterating `all_operands()` as + /// well, as it uses unstable internal representations directly, rather than converting to API + /// types and back for every operand. + pub fn visit_accesses<T: AccessVisitor>(&self, v: &mut T) -> Result<(), ComplexOp> { + if let Some(op) = self.as_complex_op() { + return Err(op); + } + + fn compute_addr<T: AccessVisitor>(v: &mut T, inst: &Instruction, op_spec: OperandSpec) -> Option<u64> { + #[cfg(feature = "_debug_internal_asserts")] + if !op_spec.is_memory() { + panic!("expected memory operand but got {:?}", op_spec); + } + + match op_spec { + OperandSpec::Deref | + OperandSpec::Deref_mask => { + v.get_register(inst.regs[1]) + } + OperandSpec::Deref_rdi => { + v.get_register(RegSpec::rdi()) + } + OperandSpec::Deref_rsi => { + v.get_register(RegSpec::rsi()) + } + OperandSpec::Deref_edi => { + v.get_register(RegSpec::edi()) + } + OperandSpec::Deref_esi => { + v.get_register(RegSpec::esi()) + } + OperandSpec::Disp => { + let base = v.get_register(inst.regs[1]); + base.map(|addr| addr.wrapping_add(inst.disp as i32 as i64 as u64)) + } + OperandSpec::Disp_mask => { + let base = v.get_register(inst.regs[1]); + base.map(|addr| addr.wrapping_add(inst.disp as i32 as i64 as u64)) + } + OperandSpec::MemIndexScale => { + let index = v.get_register(inst.regs[2]); + index.map(|addr| { + addr + .wrapping_mul(inst.scale as u64) + }) + } + OperandSpec::MemIndexScale_mask => { + let index = v.get_register(inst.regs[2]); + index.map(|addr| { + addr + .wrapping_mul(inst.scale as u64) + }) + } + OperandSpec::MemIndexScaleDisp => { + let index = v.get_register(inst.regs[2]); + index.map(|addr| { + addr + .wrapping_mul(inst.scale as u64) + .wrapping_add(inst.disp as i32 as i64 as u64) + }) + } + OperandSpec::MemIndexScaleDisp_mask => { + let index = v.get_register(inst.regs[2]); + index.map(|addr| { + addr + .wrapping_mul(inst.scale as u64) + .wrapping_add(inst.disp as i32 as i64 as u64) + }) + } + OperandSpec::MemBaseIndexScale => { + let base = v.get_register(inst.regs[1]); + let index = v.get_register(inst.regs[2]); + base.and_then(|base| { + index.map(|index| { + base + .wrapping_add(index.wrapping_mul(inst.scale as u64)) + }) + }) + } + OperandSpec::MemBaseIndexScale_mask => { + let base = v.get_register(inst.regs[1]); + let index = v.get_register(inst.regs[2]); + base.and_then(|base| { + index.map(|index| { + base + .wrapping_add(index.wrapping_mul(inst.scale as u64)) + }) + }) + } + OperandSpec::MemBaseIndexScaleDisp => { + let base = v.get_register(inst.regs[1]); + let index = v.get_register(inst.regs[2]); + base.and_then(|base| { + index.map(|index| { + base + .wrapping_add(index.wrapping_mul(inst.scale as u64)) + .wrapping_add(inst.disp as i32 as i64 as u64) + }) + }) + } + OperandSpec::MemBaseIndexScaleDisp_mask => { + let base = v.get_register(inst.regs[1]); + let index = v.get_register(inst.regs[2]); + base.and_then(|base| { + index.map(|index| { + base + .wrapping_add(index.wrapping_mul(inst.scale as u64)) + .wrapping_add(inst.disp as i32 as i64 as u64) + }) + }) + } + OperandSpec::DispU64 => { + Some(inst.disp) + } + OperandSpec::DispU32 => { + Some(inst.disp as u32 as u64) + } + other => { + // this could be `_debug_internal_assertions`-gated, but i'm not quite that + // confident yet.. + panic!("not-yet-handled memory operand: {:?}", other); + } + } + } + + if let Some(implicit_oplist) = self.implicit_oplist() { + for op in implicit_oplist.iter() { + if op.spec == OperandSpec::RegRRR { + if op.write { + v.register_write(op.reg); + } else { + v.register_read(op.reg); + } + } else if op.spec == OperandSpec::Deref_rdi { + // Deref_rdi is used for string instructions; operand-size overrides apply here + // and so the register that is incremented (or decremented!) depends on the + // operand-size prefix. the register is correct for the operands, so we'll + let reg = match self.inst.operands[op.disp as usize] { + OperandSpec::Deref_rdi => RegSpec::rdi(), + OperandSpec::Deref_rsi => RegSpec::rsi(), + OperandSpec::Deref_edi => RegSpec::edi(), + OperandSpec::Deref_esi => RegSpec::esi(), + OperandSpec::Deref => self.inst.regs[1], + other => { + // this could be `_debug_internal_assertions`-gated, but i'm not quite + // that confident yet.. + panic!("TODO: unreachable {:?}", other); + } + }; + if op.write { + v.register_write(reg); + } else { + v.register_read(reg); + } + } else { + let addr = match op.spec { + OperandSpec::Deref => { + v.get_register(op.reg) + }, + OperandSpec::Disp => { + if let Some(base) = v.get_register(op.reg) { + Some(base.wrapping_add(op.disp as i64 as u64)) + } else { + None + } + } + OperandSpec::MemIndexScale => { + // HACK HACK HACK this is just how i've decided to interpret + // `MemIndexScale` as an operand spec; it's only for xlat. adding + // another field to implicit operands just for this is a little silly.. + let base = v.get_register(op.reg); + let index = v.get_register(RegSpec::al()); + if let (Some(base), Some(index)) = (base, index) { + Some(base.wrapping_add(index as u64)) + } else { + None + } + } + other => { + // this could be `_debug_internal_assertions`-gated, but i'm not quite + // that confident yet.. + panic!("impossible operand spec {:?}", other); + } + }; + + let size = self.inst.mem_size().expect("memory operand implies memory access size") + .bytes_size().expect("non-complex instructions have well-defined bytes_size()"); + + if op.write { + v.memory_write(addr, size as u32); + } else { + v.memory_read(addr, size as u32); + } + } + } + } + + if let Some(acc) = self.flags_access() { + if acc.is_read() { + v.register_read(RegSpec::rflags()); + } + if acc.is_write() { + v.register_write(RegSpec::rflags()); + } + } + + let operand_access = self.behavior.operand_access; + + for i in 0..self.inst.operand_count { + let access = Access::from_bits((operand_access >> (i * 2)) & 0b11) + .expect("selected only low two bits"); + let op_spec = self.inst.operands[i as usize]; + + if access.is_read() { + match op_spec { + OperandSpec::RegRRR => { + v.register_read(self.inst.regs[0]); + } + OperandSpec::RegMMM => { + v.register_read(self.inst.regs[1]); + } + OperandSpec::RegVex => { + v.register_read(self.inst.regs[3]); + } + OperandSpec::Reg4 => { + let spec = RegSpec { + num: self.inst.imm as u8, + bank: self.inst.regs[3].bank, + }; + v.register_read(spec); + } + OperandSpec::RegRRR_maskmerge | + OperandSpec::RegRRR_maskmerge_sae | + OperandSpec::RegRRR_maskmerge_sae_noround => { + v.register_read(self.inst.regs[0]); + if self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg() != 0 { + v.register_read(RegSpec::mask(self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg())); + } + } + OperandSpec::RegMMM_maskmerge | + OperandSpec::RegMMM_maskmerge_sae_noround => { + v.register_read(self.inst.regs[1]); + if self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg() != 0 { + v.register_read(RegSpec::mask(self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg())); + } + } + OperandSpec::RegVex_maskmerge => { + v.register_read(self.inst.regs[3]); + if self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg() != 0 { + v.register_read(RegSpec::mask(self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg())); + } + } + OperandSpec::ImmI8 | + OperandSpec::ImmU8 | + OperandSpec::ImmI16 | + OperandSpec::ImmU16 | + OperandSpec::ImmI32 | + OperandSpec::ImmI64 | + OperandSpec::ImmInDispField => { + // no register/memory access to report. + } + other => { + // compute effective address... + let addr = compute_addr(v, &self.inst, op_spec); + let size = self.inst.mem_size().expect("memory operand implies memory access size") + .bytes_size().expect("non-complex instructions have well-defined bytes_size()"); + if other.is_masked() && self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg() != 0 { + v.register_read(RegSpec::mask(self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg())); + } + // `lea` *just* computes the effective address, which we've done above. + // othrwise, the instruction will actually read this memory operand. + if self.inst.opcode != Opcode::LEA { + v.memory_read(addr, size as u32); + } + } + } + } + + if access.is_write() { + // given a register `reg` that an instruction writes, expand it for the purposes of + // tracking register writes. x86 zero-extends writes to 32-bit GPRs into 64-bit GPR + // writes, so replicate that here. + fn apply_x86_zext(mut reg: RegSpec) -> RegSpec { + use super::RegisterBank; + if reg.bank == RegisterBank::D { + reg.bank = RegisterBank::Q; + } + reg + } + match op_spec { + OperandSpec::RegRRR => { + v.register_write(apply_x86_zext(self.inst.regs[0])); + } + OperandSpec::RegMMM => { + v.register_write(apply_x86_zext(self.inst.regs[1])); + } + OperandSpec::RegVex => { + v.register_write(apply_x86_zext(self.inst.regs[3])); + } + OperandSpec::Reg4 => { + let spec = RegSpec { + num: self.inst.imm as u8, + bank: self.inst.regs[3].bank, + }; + v.register_write(apply_x86_zext(spec)); + } + OperandSpec::RegRRR_maskmerge | + OperandSpec::RegRRR_maskmerge_sae | + OperandSpec::RegRRR_maskmerge_sae_noround => { + if self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg() != 0 { + v.register_read(RegSpec::mask(self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg())); + } + v.register_write(self.inst.regs[0]); + } + OperandSpec::RegMMM_maskmerge | + OperandSpec::RegMMM_maskmerge_sae_noround => { + if self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg() != 0 { + v.register_read(RegSpec::mask(self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg())); + } + v.register_write(self.inst.regs[1]); + } + OperandSpec::RegVex_maskmerge => { + if self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg() != 0 { + v.register_read(RegSpec::mask(self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg())); + } + v.register_write(self.inst.regs[3]); + } + OperandSpec::ImmI8 | + OperandSpec::ImmU8 | + OperandSpec::ImmI16 | + OperandSpec::ImmU16 | + OperandSpec::ImmI32 | + OperandSpec::ImmI64 | + OperandSpec::ImmInDispField => { + // no register/memory access to report. + } + other => { + // compute effective address... + let addr = compute_addr(v, &self.inst, op_spec); + let size = self.inst.mem_size().expect("memory operand implies memory access size") + .bytes_size().expect("non-complex instructions have well-defined bytes_size()"); + if other.is_masked() && self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg() != 0 { + v.register_read(RegSpec::mask(self.inst.prefixes.evex_unchecked().mask_reg())); + } + // no lea check necessary: its memory access is coded as a read and no + // instruction has a similar "fake" memory write. + v.memory_write(addr, size as u32); + } + } + } + } + + Ok(()) + } +} + +#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)] +struct BehaviorDigest { + // laid out like: + // + // |7 6|5 4|3 2|1 0| + // |_ _ C N|FL |PL | + // + // C: complex (this instruction *may* N: non-trivial (implementation detail of constructing + // the instruction's behavior digest) + // N: non-trivial (implementation detail of constructing the instruction's behavior digest) + // FL: access bits for {,e,r}flags + // PL: privilege level this instruction can be executed. + // 00 -> all levels + // 01 -> CPL=0 only + // 10 -> something more complicated (instruction-specific) + // 11 -> reserved + behavior: u8, + // for the up-to four explicit operands in an x86 instruction. + // + // bits are pairs interpreted as described in `enum Access`. operand count on the instruction + // describes validity of these bits: fields left `00` must not have a corresponding operand at + // that offset. fields with no corresponding operand may have bits set. + operand_access: u8, + // selector for a `&'static [Operand]` of additional "implicit" operands for the instruction. + extra: u16, +} + +impl BehaviorDigest { + const fn empty() -> BehaviorDigest { + BehaviorDigest { + behavior: 0, + operand_access: 0, + extra: 0 + } + } + + const fn set_pl0(mut self) -> Self { + self.behavior &= 0b11_11_11_00; + self.behavior |= 0b00_00_00_01; + self + } + + const fn set_pl_any(mut self) -> Self { + self.behavior &= 0b11_11_11_00; + self.behavior |= 0b00_00_00_00; + self + } + + const fn set_pl_special(mut self) -> Self { + self.behavior &= 0b11_11_11_00; + self.behavior |= 0b00_00_00_10; + self + } + + const fn set_flags_access(mut self, access: Access) -> Self { + self.behavior &= 0b11_11_00_11; + self.behavior |= (access as u8) << 2; + self + } + + const fn set_operand(mut self, idx: u8, access: Access) -> Self { + assert!(idx < 4); + let offset = idx * 2; + self.operand_access &= !(0b11 << offset); + self.operand_access |= (access as u8) << offset; + self + } + + const fn set_implicit_ops(mut self, ops_idx: u16) -> Self { + // TODO: this needs much less than a full u16 (much less than |Opcode| even) + self.extra = ops_idx; + self + } + + const fn set_nontrivial(mut self, state: bool) -> Self { + self.behavior &= 0b11_10_11_11; + self.behavior |= (state as u8) << 4; + self + } + + const fn is_nontrivial(&self) -> bool { + (self.behavior & (1 << 4)) != 0 + } + + const fn set_complex(mut self, state: bool) -> Self { + self.behavior &= 0b11_01_11_11; + self.behavior |= (state as u8) << 5; + self + } + + const fn is_complex(&self) -> bool { + (self.behavior & (1 << 5)) != 0 + } +} + +/// a subset of [`Opcode`] where access patterns cannot be expressed as a simple stream of reads or +/// writes. in many cases these instructions are only executable when `CPL=0` but notable +/// exceptions are `rep`-prefixed string instructions (`rep movs`, `rep stos`, etc). +/// +/// complex instructions and appropriate handling are documented on a best-effort basis below. +/// +/// ### `rdmsr`, `wrmsr`, and all other instructions that directly read or write MSRs +/// +/// the library API has no way to express MSRs as read or written locations, and must defer to user +/// code to track reads or writes of this state. +/// +/// "other instructions" include `wrfsbase`, `wrgsbase`, `rdfsbase`, `rdgsbase`, `syscall`, +/// `sysenter`, `rdpru`, `rdtsc`, and others. +/// +/// ### the `xsave` family +/// +/// this section applies for all of `xsave`, `xsaveopt`, `xsavec`, `xsavec64`, `xsaves`, +/// `xsaves64`, `xrstor`, `xrstors`, `xrstors64`, as well as many other instructions operating on +/// bulk processor state and `mxcsr`. +/// +/// these instructions are considered "complex" because the actual amount of data read or written +/// depends on dynamic processor state, specifically, bits in `xcr0`. further, the upper bound of +/// data read or written by these instructions is *also* processor-dependent - each architecture +/// extension that adds processor state tends to have a corresponding bit opting it in or out of +/// xsave state with these instructions. +/// +/// gaps between enabled feature bits are possible and it would be legal for processors to change +/// xsave layout based on enabled feature bits as well. no processor *does* this, but i'm not +/// assuming this layout is fixed only to leave you holding the bag! +/// +/// see the Intel SDM chapter `13.1 XSAVE-Supported Features And State-Component Bitmaps` for more +/// details. +/// +/// other related instructions, like `fnstenv`, `frstor`, and others, simply save and restore +/// architectural state that is not expressed in the library API and cannot be included in implicit +/// operand lists (such as `mxcsr`). +/// +/// ### `in`, `out`, including rep-prefixed forms +/// +/// port I/O instructions use a register or immedate to select an I/O port, meaning the literal +/// operand and architectural operation are totally distinct. the library API does not currently +/// have an operand form for I/O ports, so these instructions are "complex". +/// +/// ### rep-prefixed string instructions +/// +/// this section applies for all of `rep movs`, `rep stos`, `rep lods`, `rep scas`, and `rep cmps`. +/// +/// these instructions are considered "complex" for two reasons. first, while these are single +/// instructions, they do not execute atomically. then even if they were executed in a single +/// architectural state update, the size of the memory access is a function of `rcx`. +/// +/// worse, different processors can execute these instructions somewhat differently. from the Intel +/// SDM: +/// +/// > 7.3.9.3 Fast-String Operation +/// > +/// > [...] Instructions using fast-string operation effectively operate on the string in groups +/// > that may include multiple elements of the native data size (byte, word, doubleword, or +/// > quadword). With fast-string operation, the processor recognizes interrupts and data +/// > breakpoints only on boundaries between these groups. [...] +/// +/// the number of multiple elements is not defined, nor is the unit size of a fast string operation +/// group, and that interrupts and breakpoints are only recognized on boundaries between these +/// groups of implementation-defined size. even considering `rep`-prefixed string instructions as a +/// series of the instruction data size is incorrect if the instruction's initial conditions are +/// eligible for `Fast-String Operation` acceleration. +/// +/// correctly interpreting the access pattern of these instructions depends heavily on the +/// application needing this information. +/// +/// ### AVX512 scatter/gather instructions +/// +/// this section applies for all of `vpscatter{dd,dq,qd,qq}` and `vpgather{dd,dq,qd,qq}`. +/// additionally, the vector scatter/gather prefetch instructions +/// `v{gather,scatter}pf0{dps,dpd,qps,qpd}` are complex in part for these reasons. +/// +/// these instructions are considered "complex" because their memory access characteristics are +/// actually to many memory addresses using the lanes of the vector register used as an index in +/// the memory operand. consider `vpscatterdd [r15 + ymm25], k6, ymm10`; this instruction has +/// accesses four memory locations, one for each dword lane in `ymm25` as an offset to `r15`. +/// +/// `yaxpeax-x86` does not have a way to name individual lanes of vector registers and may not ever +/// add one if this is the only use. therefore there is no way to express these memory accesses and +/// the instructions are considered complex. +/// +/// the vector scatter/gather instructions additionally are complex for the same reasons as +/// prefetch instructions described below. +/// +/// ### `monitor`, `monitorx`, `mwait`, `mwaitx` +/// +/// these instructions reference memory but neither read nor write it. instead, `monitor` primes +/// hardware to watch for accesses to the specified address, while `mwait` waits for an access to +/// some earlier `monitor`-primed adddress. this address-monitoring hardware is not expressed in +/// the library API and makes this family of instructions "complex" due to reading or writing +/// unrepresented state. +/// +/// arguably `monitor` could be described as a load; it sets the A-bit in page tables, is ordered +/// as a load, and is subject to the permission checking associated with a byte load. +/// +/// ### `syscall/sysret`, `sysenter/sysexit` +/// +/// these instructions are considered "complex" because they include implicit reads and possibly +/// writes to various MSRs. further, depending on dynamic processor state (i.e. "is FRED enabled") +/// these instructions may behave quite differently than a "normal" shuffling of +/// `rip`/`rflags`/`cs`. +/// +/// ### `vmread`, `vmwrite`, `vmrun`, `vmsave`, `vmload`, and SVM/VMX generally +/// +/// for instructions that *have* an operand, their operand's semantics differs substantially from a +/// "normal" understanding of the literal operand. +/// +/// for `vmread` and `vmwrite`, the memory operand may be `[rax]`, but it is implicitly an access +/// to the current VMCS - and, indeed, not even an access to "memory". +/// +/// for `vmrun`, `vmsave`, and `vmload`, the operand is "`rax`", but expects `rax` to carry a +/// physical address to a VMCB which is then loaded from or stored into. +/// +/// generally, SVM/VMX instructions operate on a hidden VMCB/VMCS structure and are "complex" for +/// interacting with architectural state that is not expressed in library APIs. +/// +/// ### `vzeroupper`, `vzeroall` +/// +/// these instructions are considered "complex" because their actual effect varies by processor +/// implementation. when AVX512 is supported, these operate on the `zmm*` registers, otherwise they +/// operate on `ymm*`. +/// +/// ### `prefetchnta`, `prefetcht2`, `prefetcht1`, `prefetcht0` +/// +/// these instructions are considered "complex" because they are hints, but have effects on +/// microarchitectural state. the memory operand is documented as a 1-byte access, reported as a +/// 32-byte access, but practically is implementation-defined and "a minimum of 32 bytes". the +/// memory operand needs not be a valid address, either, and if it is not a mapped address then the +/// `prefetch*` instructions do not raise a #PF. +/// +/// in architectural terms, these instructions could have an operand access form of `Access::None`, +/// but due to the microarchitectural effects this would be misleading. so, these are "complex" and +/// should be handled by user code as a no-op, or read, or access hint, etc. +/// +/// ### `clzero`, `clflush`, `clflushopt`, `clwb` +/// +/// these instructions are "complex" because the amount of memory that is operated on is +/// processor-dependent and the accessed address is *not* simply the effective address of the +/// memory operand. +/// +/// the size of an x86 cache line is _typically_ 64 bytes, but is reported per-processor in CPUID +/// information (leaf `eax=1`: `clflush line size`, AMD leaf `eax=8000_0005`: `cache line size`). +/// +/// some x86 processors have had 32-byte cache lines. +/// +/// `clflush`, `clflushopt`, and `clwb` are closer to a no-op in terms of architectural state. they +/// are included as "complex" for the reasons above and in support of library uses which want to +/// precisely model memory, such as in modeling the execution of multi-processor systems. +/// +/// ### `bts`, `btc`, `bt` +/// +/// these instructions are *conditionally* "complex". when the destination is a memory operand they +/// are complex because the effective address of the modified word/dword/qword is a function of +/// both operands of the instruction. +/// +/// in particular, the accessed location is the word/dword/qword at the first operand's effective +/// address *plus* the second operand divided by the access size. as a worked example with a dword +/// access: +/// ```text +/// rax := 0x1_0000_0100 +/// rcx := 0x203 +/// +/// // bts dword [rax], ecx +/// ptr = rax + (rcx / 32) ; 0x1_0000_0303 +/// bit = rcx % 32 ; 3 +/// cf := (*ptr >> bit) & 1 +/// *ptr |= (1 << bit) +/// +/// this was very dismaying to learn! the library API has no hope of expressing this! but the fact +/// that the test harness detected this is strong evidence it works... +/// ``` +/// +/// ### `enqcmd`, `enqcmds` +/// +/// these instructions use "enqueue stores" to write to what are expected to be "enqueue registers" +/// via MMIO. additionally, i do not have hardware to test these against "normal" memory, so these +/// are "complex" out of caution. +/// +/// ### CET-related instructions (`wrss`, `incssp`, `clrssbsy`, etc) +/// +/// CET-related instructions manipulate shadow stack state, which is a kind-of-hidden architectural +/// state that is not expressed in the library API. these instructions are considered "complex" due +/// to reading or writing that state. +/// +/// ### `ltr`, `str`, `lldt`, `sldt`, `lidt`, `sidt`, `lgdt`, `sgdt`, (AMD: `clgi`, `stgi`) +/// +/// these instructions all directly manage architectural state which is not expressed in the +/// library API. +/// +/// ### `xgetbv`/`xsetbv` +/// +/// these instructions operate on `xcr*` registers (namely, `xcr0`), which is not currently +/// expressible in the library API, so these are considered "complex". +/// +/// ### `v4f*madd` +/// +/// `v4f*` family multiply-add instructions operate on ranges of registers that are not (currently) +/// expressed precisely in the library API; the {x,y,z}mm register set these operate on is obtained by +/// "mask the low two bits of the SIMD register, the result is the base of and the next three are +/// the rest of the bank". this *could* be expressed in the library API but seems like it would be +/// awkward. the instructions seem uncommon, so they are "complex" for expediency. +/// +/// ### `movdir64b` +/// +/// movdir64b is considered complex primarily because it has two memory operands, but the +/// destination operand (first, in Intel syntax) is expressly *not* a memory operand so far as +/// syntax is concerned. +/// +/// ### `hreset` +/// +/// `hreset` manages microarchitectural processor history, but is considered "complex" somewhat +/// arbitrarily as its sole responsibility is to operate on state that is not expressed in the +/// library API. +/// +/// ### `psmash`, `pvalidate`, `rmpadjust`, `rmpupdate` +/// +/// `psmash`-related instructions depend on architectural state which is described in more depth +/// above, but not currently expressed in the library API, so they are "complex". +/// +/// ### `ptwrite` +/// +/// `ptwrite` modifies processor state that is not expressed in the library API currently, so it +/// is "complex". +/// +/// ### Restricted Transactional Memory (RTM) +/// +/// `xbegin`, `xend`, `xtest`, and `xabort` are all "complex" because the RTM instructions relate +/// to architectural state for memory transactions which are not expressed in the library API. +/// additionally, these instructions have consequences for control flow that are not easily +/// expressed in the library API. +/// +/// ### `pconfig` +/// +/// `pconfig` is "complex" because it alters architectural state and has complex semantics. the +/// instruction is similar to `getsec` or `cpuid` in intended breadth and like `cpuid` could +/// perhaps be made non-complex on the expectation that library users interested in *this +/// instruction* would look for the opcode instead. +/// +/// out of caution, and because this is a CPL=0-only relatively-rare instruction, this is still +/// "complex". +/// +/// ### `bndldx`, `bndstx` +/// +/// these MPX instructions are "complex" because the interpretation of their operands differs +/// substantially from the typical meaning, and they interact with architectural state (bounds +/// table entries, "BTEs") that is not expressed in the library API. +/// +/// ### `iret`, `iretd`, `iretq` +/// +/// interrupt return instructions are considered "complex" purely for their semantics being, well, +/// complex. they interact with the current execution mode, privilege level, requested privilege +/// level of returned-to segments, and shadow stacks. +/// +/// most architectural state they interact with is expressed in the library API. these are +/// difficult to consider "complex" by the general guidelines above. in truth, they are complex +/// mostly because they are uncommon, typically executed at CPL=0, and more difficult to +/// comprehensively test. these may stop being considered complex in a future release. +/// +/// ### OSPKE +/// +/// `rdpkru` and `wrpkru` are considered complex because these instructions operate on the `pkru` +/// register, which is not expressed in the library API today. these may stop being considered +/// complex in a future release, at which point `pkru` would be an implicit operand as appropriate. +/// +/// ### `rsm` +/// +/// this instruction is considered complex for a few related reasons: +/// +/// * yours truly does not really know much about SMM at all, so it's not clear if there are +/// architectural state gotchas involved in transitioning to/from SMM +/// * yours truly is not sure how much state is covered by the processor state save/restore on SMM +/// transition, and has no way to validate if any implicit operand list describing the +/// reads/writes is correct. +/// +/// you know how to test SMM transitions and returns, please write me! +/// +/// ### WAITPKG +/// +/// `tpause`, `umonitor`, and `umwait` are considered complex for different reasons: +/// +/// * `umonitor` and `umwait` are complex in similar ways to `monitor` and `mwait`. +/// * `tpause` is considered "complex" because the implicit operands are compared with the TSC; one +/// might imagine the library would report an implicit read of the TSC MSR, but there is no +/// library API to describe MSR accesses yet. +/// +/// ### UINTR +/// +/// UINTR-related instructions are considered complex for varied reasons: +/// +/// * `stui`, `clui`, `testui`: these instructions manipulate a bit in `rflags` and probably do not +/// need to be complex (similar to `sti`, `cli`). these may lose their "complex" status in a future +/// release. +/// * `senduipi`: this instruction is "complex" because the user-IPI mechanism involves the +/// user-interrupt target table (UITT) and referenced user posted-interrupt descriptor (UPID). +/// * `uiret`: this instruction is only "complex" because it is considered uncommon (for now?), +/// this author has no hardware to test it on, and it's not immediately clear how this relates to +/// a corresponding UPID (if i've even read the documentation correctly!) +/// +/// ### TDX +/// +/// TDX-related instructions are considered complex because they are not more precisely tested and +/// are assumed as-complex-as-VMX in the first place. +// TODO: this could be declared through a macro that does something like: +// "declare_opcode_subset! { }" which gets a list of identifiers and generates the +// `Opcode::<ident> as u32` rhs. but a vim macro will do for now. +#[non_exhaustive] +#[repr(u32)] // same repr as `Opcode` +#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)] +#[allow(missing_docs)] +pub enum ComplexOp { + /// rdmsr/wrmsr are considered "complex" for reasons in the enum doc comment. + RDMSR = (Opcode::RDMSR as u32), + WRMSR = (Opcode::WRMSR as u32), + + /// `rdtsc` and `rdtscp` read MSRs and can be modeled as a special form of `rdmsr`; they are + /// "complex" in the same way. + RDTSC = (Opcode::RDTSC as u32), + RDTSCP = (Opcode::RDTSCP as u32), + + /// `rdpru` reads MSRs and can be modeled as a special form of `rdmsr`; it is "complex" in the + /// same way. + RDPRU = (Opcode::RDPRU as u32), + + /// instructions interacting with MSRs, such as these (`IA32_FS_BASE`, `IA32_GS_BASE`, + /// `IA32_KERNEL_GS_BASE`) are complex for the moment. + SWAPGS = (Opcode::SWAPGS as u32), + RDFSBASE = (Opcode::RDFSBASE as u32), + WRFSBASE = (Opcode::WRFSBASE as u32), + RDGSBASE = (Opcode::RDGSBASE as u32), + WRGSBASE = (Opcode::WRGSBASE as u32), + + /// the bulk processor state save/restore instructions, as well as `mxcsr`-related + /// instructions, are considered complex for reasons described under `fxsave` in the enum doc + /// comment above. + FRSTOR = (Opcode::FRSTOR as u32), + FLDENV = (Opcode::FLDENV as u32), + FNSTENV = (Opcode::FNSTENV as u32), + FNSAVE = (Opcode::FNSAVE as u32), + FNSTCW = (Opcode::FNSTCW as u32), + FNSTSW = (Opcode::FNSTSW as u32), + FXSAVE = (Opcode::FXSAVE as u32), + FXRSTOR = (Opcode::FXRSTOR as u32), + LDMXCSR = (Opcode::LDMXCSR as u32), + VLDMXCSR = (Opcode::VLDMXCSR as u32), + STMXCSR = (Opcode::STMXCSR as u32), + VSTMXCSR = (Opcode::VSTMXCSR as u32), + XSAVE = (Opcode::XSAVE as u32), + XSAVEC = (Opcode::XSAVEC as u32), + XSAVES = (Opcode::XSAVES as u32), + XSAVEC64 = (Opcode::XSAVEC64 as u32), + XSAVES64 = (Opcode::XSAVES64 as u32), + XRSTOR = (Opcode::XRSTOR as u32), + XRSTORS = (Opcode::XRSTORS as u32), + XRSTORS64 = (Opcode::XRSTORS64 as u32), + XSAVEOPT = (Opcode::XSAVEOPT as u32), + + /// in/out are considered "complex" for reasons in the enum doc comment. + IN = (Opcode::IN as u32), + OUT = (Opcode::OUT as u32), + + /// string instructions are considered "complex" for reasons in the enum doc comment. + MOVS = (Opcode::MOVS as u32), + STOS = (Opcode::STOS as u32), + LODS = (Opcode::LODS as u32), + SCAS = (Opcode::SCAS as u32), + CMPS = (Opcode::CMPS as u32), + + /// scatter/gather instructions are considered "complex" for reasons in the enum doc comment. + VPGATHERDD = (Opcode::VPGATHERDD as u32), + VPGATHERDQ = (Opcode::VPGATHERDQ as u32), + VPGATHERQD = (Opcode::VPGATHERQD as u32), + VPGATHERQQ = (Opcode::VPGATHERQQ as u32), + VGATHERDPD = (Opcode::VGATHERDPD as u32), + VGATHERDPS = (Opcode::VGATHERDPS as u32), + VGATHERQPD = (Opcode::VGATHERQPD as u32), + VGATHERQPS = (Opcode::VGATHERQPS as u32), + + VPSCATTERDD = (Opcode::VPSCATTERDD as u32), + VPSCATTERDQ = (Opcode::VPSCATTERDQ as u32), + VPSCATTERQD = (Opcode::VPSCATTERQD as u32), + VPSCATTERQQ = (Opcode::VPSCATTERQQ as u32), + + /// monitor/mwait instructions are considered "complex" for reasons in the enum doc comment. + MONITOR = (Opcode::MONITOR as u32), + MONITORX = (Opcode::MONITORX as u32), + MWAIT = (Opcode::MWAIT as u32), + MWAITX = (Opcode::MWAITX as u32), + + /// the syscall/systenter and sysexit/sysret instructions are considered complex because of + /// their interaction with architectural state that is not expressible purely as register or + /// memory accesses. + SYSCALL = (Opcode::SYSCALL as u32), + SYSRET = (Opcode::SYSRET as u32), + SYSENTER = (Opcode::SYSENTER as u32), + SYSEXIT = (Opcode::SYSEXIT as u32), + + /// SVM instructions generally are considered "complex" for reasons in the doc comment above. + SKINIT = (Opcode::SKINIT as u32), + VMLOAD = (Opcode::VMLOAD as u32), + VMMCALL = (Opcode::VMMCALL as u32), + VMSAVE = (Opcode::VMSAVE as u32), + VMRUN = (Opcode::VMRUN as u32), + VMPTRLD = (Opcode::VMPTRLD as u32), + VMPTRST = (Opcode::VMPTRST as u32), + + /// VMX instructions, too, are considered "complex" for similar reasons as SVM. + VMXON = (Opcode::VMXON as u32), + VMXOFF = (Opcode::VMXOFF as u32), + VMREAD = (Opcode::VMREAD as u32), + VMWRITE = (Opcode::VMWRITE as u32), + VMCLEAR = (Opcode::VMCLEAR as u32), + VMCALL = (Opcode::VMCALL as u32), + VMLAUNCH = (Opcode::VMLAUNCH as u32), + VMRESUME = (Opcode::VMRESUME as u32), + VMFUNC = (Opcode::VMFUNC as u32), + + /// vzeroupper/vzeroall are considered "complex" for reasons in the doc comment above. + VZEROUPPER = (Opcode::VZEROUPPER as u32), + VZEROALL = (Opcode::VZEROALL as u32), + + /// clzero, clflush, clflushopt, and clwb are considered "complex" for reasons in the enum doc + /// comment. + CLZERO = (Opcode::CLZERO as u32), + CLFLUSH = (Opcode::CLFLUSH as u32), + CLFLUSHOPT = (Opcode::CLFLUSHOPT as u32), + CLWB = (Opcode::CLWB as u32), + + /// prefetch instructions are considered "complex" for reasons in the enum doc comment. + PREFETCHNTA = (Opcode::PREFETCHNTA as u32), + PREFETCHT2 = (Opcode::PREFETCH2 as u32), + PREFETCHT1 = (Opcode::PREFETCH1 as u32), + PREFETCHT0 = (Opcode::PREFETCH0 as u32), + + /// bit test/set/reset/complement instructions are conditionally complex depending on their + /// destination operand form, as described in the enum doc comment. + BT = (Opcode::BT as u32), + BTC = (Opcode::BTC as u32), + BTR = (Opcode::BTR as u32), + BTS = (Opcode::BTS as u32), + + /// enqueue stores in an archtecturally interesting way, and write to + /// architecturally-interesting non-memory locations, so they are "complex". + ENQCMD = (Opcode::ENQCMD as u32), + ENQCMDS = (Opcode::ENQCMDS as u32), + + /// shadow stacks and other CET machinery involve modifies processor state that cannot be + /// expressed by `yaxpeax-x86` as any particular location currently, so it is "complex". + WRUSS = (Opcode::WRUSS as u32), + WRSS = (Opcode::WRSS as u32), + INCSSP = (Opcode::INCSSP as u32), + SAVEPREVSSP = (Opcode::SAVEPREVSSP as u32), + SETSSBSY = (Opcode::SETSSBSY as u32), + CLRSSBSY = (Opcode::CLRSSBSY as u32), + RSTORSSP = (Opcode::RSTORSSP as u32), + ENDBR64 = (Opcode::ENDBR64 as u32), + ENDBR32 = (Opcode::ENDBR32 as u32), + + /// str/ldr and sldt/lldt are considered complex because of their interaction with + /// architectural state that is not expressible purely as register or memory accesses. + STR = (Opcode::STR as u32), + LTR = (Opcode::LTR as u32), + SLDT = (Opcode::SLDT as u32), + LLDT = (Opcode::LLDT as u32), + + /// likewise, the AMD global interrupt flag (GIF) is not expressible as an architectural + /// location by `yaxpeax-x86`, and so instructions operating on it are "complex". + CLGI = (Opcode::CLGI as u32), + STGI = (Opcode::STGI as u32), + + /// `xgetbv`/`xsetbv` are "complex" because the library API does not have a way to express + /// extended control registers (xcr0 and the like). + XGETBV = (Opcode::XGETBV as u32), + XSETBV = (Opcode::XSETBV as u32), + + /// `v4f*` family multiply-add instructions operate on ranges of registers that are not + /// (currently) expressed precisely in the library API + V4FNMADDSS = (Opcode::V4FNMADDSS as u32), + V4FNMADDPS = (Opcode::V4FNMADDPS as u32), + V4FMADDSS = (Opcode::V4FMADDSS as u32), + V4FMADDPS = (Opcode::V4FMADDPS as u32), + + /// movdir64b is considered complex primarily because it has two memory operands, but the + /// destination operand (first, in Intel syntax) is expressly *not* a memory operand so far as + /// syntax is concerned. + MOVDIR64B = (Opcode::MOVDIR64B as u32), + + /// `hreset` manages microarchitectural processor history, but is considered "complex" somewhat + /// arbitrarily as its sole responsibility is to operate on state that is not expressed in the + /// library API. + HRESET = (Opcode::HRESET as u32), + + /// `psmash`-related instructions depend on architectural state which is described in more depth + /// above, but not currently expressed in the library API, so they are "complex". + PSMASH = (Opcode::PSMASH as u32), + PVALIDATE = (Opcode::PVALIDATE as u32), + RMPADJUST = (Opcode::RMPADJUST as u32), + RMPUPDATE = (Opcode::RMPUPDATE as u32), + + /// `ptwrite` modifies processor state that is not expressed in the library API currently, so it + /// is "complex". + PTWRITE = (Opcode::PTWRITE as u32), + + /// these instructions are all documented as complex for the reasons under `Restricted + /// Transactional Memory` (RTM) above. + XABORT = (Opcode::XABORT as u32), + XBEGIN = (Opcode::XBEGIN as u32), + XEND = (Opcode::XEND as u32), + XTEST = (Opcode::XTEST as u32), + + /// `pconfig` is "complex" because it alters architectural state and has complex semantics. + PCONFIG = (Opcode::PCONFIG as u32), + + /// some MPX-related instructions are considered complex for the reasons described in the enum + /// doc comment above. + BNDLDX = (Opcode::BNDLDX as u32), + BNDSTX = (Opcode::BNDSTX as u32), + + /// `iret*` instructions are considered complex for the reasons described in the enum doc + /// comment above. + IRET = (Opcode::IRET as u32), + IRETD = (Opcode::IRETD as u32), + IRETQ = (Opcode::IRETQ as u32), + + /// enclave-related instructions are considered complex for the reasons described in the enum + /// doc comment above. + ENCLS = (Opcode::ENCLS as u32), + ENCLV = (Opcode::ENCLV as u32), + ENCLU = (Opcode::ENCLU as u32), + + /// OSPKE-related instructions are considered complex for the reasons described in the enum doc + /// comment above. + RDPKRU = (Opcode::RDPKRU as u32), + WRPKRU = (Opcode::WRPKRU as u32), + + /// `rsm` is considered complex for the reasons related to SMM described in the enum doc + /// comment above. + RSM = (Opcode::RSM as u32), + + /// WAITPKG-related instructions are considered complex for the reasons described in the enum + /// doc comment above. + TPAUSE = (Opcode::TPAUSE as u32), + UMONITOR = (Opcode::UMONITOR as u32), + UMWAIT = (Opcode::UMWAIT as u32), + + /// UINTR-related instructions are considered complex for the reasons described in the enum + /// doc comment above. + UIRET = (Opcode::UIRET as u32), + TESTUI = (Opcode::TESTUI as u32), + CLUI = (Opcode::CLUI as u32), + STUI = (Opcode::STUI as u32), + SENDUIPI = (Opcode::SENDUIPI as u32), + + /// TDX-related instructions are considered complex for the reasons described in the enum + /// doc comment above. + TDCALL = (Opcode::TDCALL as u32), + SEAMRET = (Opcode::SEAMRET as u32), + SEAMOPS = (Opcode::SEAMOPS as u32), + SEAMCALL = (Opcode::SEAMCALL as u32), + + /// vector scatter/gather prefetch instructions are considered complex for the reasons "normal" + /// scatter/gather are complex, as well as the reasons "normal" prefetch instructions are + /// complex. + VGATHERPF0DPD = (Opcode::VGATHERPF0DPD as u32), + VGATHERPF0DPS = (Opcode::VGATHERPF0DPS as u32), + VGATHERPF0QPD = (Opcode::VGATHERPF0QPD as u32), + VGATHERPF0QPS = (Opcode::VGATHERPF0QPS as u32), + VGATHERPF1DPD = (Opcode::VGATHERPF1DPD as u32), + VGATHERPF1DPS = (Opcode::VGATHERPF1DPS as u32), + VGATHERPF1QPD = (Opcode::VGATHERPF1QPD as u32), + VGATHERPF1QPS = (Opcode::VGATHERPF1QPS as u32), + VSCATTERPF0DPD = (Opcode::VSCATTERPF0DPD as u32), + VSCATTERPF0DPS = (Opcode::VSCATTERPF0DPS as u32), + VSCATTERPF0QPD = (Opcode::VSCATTERPF0QPD as u32), + VSCATTERPF0QPS = (Opcode::VSCATTERPF0QPS as u32), + VSCATTERPF1DPD = (Opcode::VSCATTERPF1DPD as u32), + VSCATTERPF1DPS = (Opcode::VSCATTERPF1DPS as u32), + VSCATTERPF1QPD = (Opcode::VSCATTERPF1QPD as u32), + VSCATTERPF1QPS = (Opcode::VSCATTERPF1QPS as u32), +} + +/// a visitor for collecting architectural accesses for an `Instruction`. used with +/// [`InstBehavior::visit_accesses`]. +/// +/// ## address calculation +/// +/// [`memory_read()`][AccessVisitor::memory_read] and +/// [`memory_write()`][AccessVisitor::memory_write] take an optional parameter for an effective +/// address that is either read or written. by default, the address provided is typically `None`, +/// but with appropriate implementations of this trait, `yaxpeax-x86` will calculate and report the +/// effective addresses of memory acceses. when visiting a memory operand, the library will call +/// [`get_register()`][AccessVisitor::get_register] on each register used in an operand's address +/// calculation; if all calls return a value, then the library will compute an address and provide +/// it in the corresponding `memory_read()` or `memory_write()`. +/// +/// the default `get_register()` implementation does not return register values, but does call +/// `register_read()`. this means that `register_read()` is called for each register that may be +/// used by the instruction in question. if this is desirable and you are providing a custom +/// implementation of `get_register()`, be sure to include a `register_read()`! alternatively, if +/// `get_register()` is made to not call `register_read()`, then the other functions in this trait +/// (`{register,memory}_{read,write}`()) are called one-to-one for implicit or explicit operands of +/// this instruction. +pub trait AccessVisitor { + /// record that the instruction reads a register. note that the default implementation of + /// [`AccessVisitor::get_register`] also calls `register_read`; registers used as part of an + /// address calculation for memory accesses are recorded via `register_read()` by default! + fn register_read(&mut self, reg: RegSpec); + /// record that the instruction writes a register. + fn register_write(&mut self, reg: RegSpec); + /// get a numeric value for `reg`, if possible. this is called as part of computing effective + /// addresses used in [`AccessVisitor::memory_read`] and [`AccessVisitor::memory_write`], for + /// each register involved in an address calculation. + /// + /// if any `get_register()` returns `None` in an address calculation, the subsequent + /// `memory_read()` or `memory_write()` for that operand will be given an `address` of `None`. + /// + /// `get_register()` may be implemented withhout calling `register_read()`, in which case when + /// used with `visit_accesses` the register/memory read/writes will all correspond directly to + /// implicit and explicit operands. + fn get_register(&mut self, reg: RegSpec) -> Option<u64> { + self.register_read(reg); + None + } + /// record that the instruction reads a memory location. + /// + /// when used with `visit_accesses`, an address is only provided when yaxpeax-x86 can calculate + /// an effective address (i.e. `get_register()` calls for all dependent registers return a + /// value). all non-`ComplexOp` instructions have a known memory access size, so this is always + /// reported regardless of if *where* is not known. + /// + /// some instructions can both read and write memory (consider `call [addr]`). + fn memory_read(&mut self, address: Option<u64>, size: u32); + /// record that the instruction writes a memory location. + /// + /// when used with `visit_accesses`, an address is only provided when yaxpeax-x86 can calculate + /// an effective address (i.e. `get_register()` calls for all dependent registers return a + /// value). all non-`ComplexOp` instructions have a known memory access size, so this is always + /// reported regardless of if *where* is not known. + /// + /// some instructions can both read and write memory (consider `call [addr]`). + fn memory_write(&mut self, address: Option<u64>, size: u32); +} + +#[cfg(all(test, feature = "std"))] +mod test { + use super::*; + use crate::long_mode::InstDecoder; + + use alloc::vec; + use alloc::vec::Vec; + + #[test] + fn access_visitor_works() { + // xor eax, dword [rcx] + let bytes = &[0x33, 0x01]; + let inst = InstDecoder::default().decode_slice(bytes).expect("can decode trivial instructions"); + + struct AccessCtx { + rcx: u64, + + accesses: Vec<(RegSpec, Access)>, + mem_accesses: Vec<((Option<u64>, u32), Access)>, + } + + let mut ctx = AccessCtx { + rcx: 0x10000, + accesses: Vec::new(), + mem_accesses: Vec::new(), + }; + + impl AccessVisitor for AccessCtx { + fn register_read(&mut self, reg: RegSpec) { + self.accesses.push((reg, Access::Read)); + } + + fn register_write(&mut self, reg: RegSpec) { + self.accesses.push((reg, Access::Write)); + } + + fn get_register(&mut self, reg: RegSpec) -> Option<u64> { + self.register_read(reg); + + if reg == RegSpec::rcx() { + Some(self.rcx) + } else { + None + } + } + + fn memory_read(&mut self, address: Option<u64>, size: u32) { + self.mem_accesses.push(((address, size), Access::Read)); + } + + fn memory_write(&mut self, address: Option<u64>, size: u32) { + self.mem_accesses.push(((address, size), Access::Write)); + } + } + + let behavior = inst.behavior(); + behavior.visit_accesses(&mut ctx).expect("xor eax, [rcx] is not complex"); + + assert_eq!(ctx.accesses, vec![ + (RegSpec::rflags(), Access::Write), + (RegSpec::eax(), Access::Read), + (RegSpec::rax(), Access::Write), + (RegSpec::rcx(), Access::Read) + ]); + assert_eq!(ctx.mem_accesses, vec![((Some(0x10000), 4), Access::Read)]); + } + + #[test] + fn operand_iter_basically_works() { + // xor eax, eax + let bytes = &[0x33, 0xc0]; + let inst = InstDecoder::default().decode_slice(bytes).expect("can decode trivial instructions"); + + // uwu whats this... + let behavior = inst.behavior(); + + // owo hewwo there + let operands = behavior.all_operands().expect("xor eax, eax is not complex"); + + // OwO waowwww + let collected: alloc::vec::Vec<(Operand, Access)> = operands.iter().collect(); + let expected = alloc::vec![ + (Operand::Register { reg: RegSpec::rflags() }, Access::Write), + (Operand::Register { reg: RegSpec::eax() }, Access::ReadWrite), + (Operand::Register { reg: RegSpec::eax() }, Access::Read), + ]; + assert_eq!(collected, expected); + + #[cfg(feature = "unstable")] + { + assert_eq!(behavior.privilege_level(), Some(PrivilegeLevel::Any)); + let exceptions = behavior.exceptions(); + assert!(exceptions.none()); + } + + // but if an operand does a memory access, that can fault: + // xor eax, [rax] + let bytes = &[0x33, 0x00]; + let inst = InstDecoder::default().decode_slice(bytes).expect("can decode trivial instructions"); + let behavior = inst.behavior(); + let operands = behavior.all_operands().expect("xor eax, eax is not complex"); + + let collected: alloc::vec::Vec<(Operand, Access)> = operands.iter().collect(); + let expected = alloc::vec![ + (Operand::Register { reg: RegSpec::rflags() }, Access::Write), + (Operand::Register { reg: RegSpec::eax() }, Access::ReadWrite), + (Operand::MemDeref { base: RegSpec::rax() }, Access::Read), + ]; + assert_eq!(collected, expected); + + #[cfg(feature = "unstable")] + { + assert_eq!(behavior.privilege_level(), Some(PrivilegeLevel::Any)); + let exceptions = behavior.exceptions(); + assert!(!exceptions.none()); + assert!(exceptions.may(Exception::PF)); + } + } +} + +/// no operations, but you can run it anywhere. +const GENERAL: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(); + +/// instructions that can execute at all privilege levels, have two operands, read/write the first, +/// and read the second. +const GENERAL_RW_R: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::ReadWrite) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read); + +/// same as above, but writes flags. this is most arithmetic instructions. +const GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_RW_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write); + +/// popcnt and maybe others? +const GENERAL_W_R_FLAGWRITE: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write); + +/// test, cmp, with no write but to flags. +const GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write); + +/// `sbb`, `adc`, etc both read flags and write them. +const GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGRW: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_RW_R + .set_flags_access(Access::ReadWrite); + +/// `xadd` reads everything and writes everything, even flags! +const GENERAL_RW_RW_FLAGRW: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGRW + .set_operand(1, Access::ReadWrite); + +/// setcc and friends read flags to maybe write their operand. +const GENERAL_RW_FLAGREAD: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::ReadWrite) + .set_flags_access(Access::Read); + +/// cmov reads from a second operand and (may) writes to the first. +const GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_RW_FLAGREAD + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read); + +/// cmc, clc, sti, cli, etc that toggle individual bits in flags +const GENERAL_FLAGRW: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_flags_access(Access::ReadWrite); + +/// `inc`, `dec`, and `neg` have one operand and modify flags. +const GENERAL_RW_FLAGWRITE: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::ReadWrite) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write); + +/// `inc`, `dec`, and `neg` have one operand and modify flags. +const GENERAL_RW: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::ReadWrite); + +const GENERAL_R_R: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(0, Access::Read); + +/// `ins` writes to the memory operand, reads from `rdx` (second operand) +const GENERAL_W_R: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(0, Access::Write); + +/// many vex/evex-encoded instructions +const GENERAL_W_R_R: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read); + +/// and for vex/evex-encoded instructions with an imm8 suffix +/// +/// this is not distinct from a `GENERAL_W_R_R_R`, but is named distinctly in case yaxpeax-x86 +/// should report imm8 operands differently from "read" or "write". +const GENERAL_W_R_R_IMM8: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read); + +/// shld +const GENERAL_RW_R_R: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(0, Access::ReadWrite); + +const GENERAL_RW_RW: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(1, Access::ReadWrite); + +const GENERAL_RW_RW_FLAGWRITE: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_RW_RW + .set_flags_access(Access::Write); + +const GENERAL_R: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read); + +const GENERAL_W: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write); + +const GENERAL_R_FLAGREAD: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Read); + +const GENERAL_R_FLAGWRITE: BehaviorDigest = GENERAL_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write); + +// TODO: seems incredibly funky that jcc's operand is an immediate, when written like this.. +const JCC: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(JCC_OPS_IDX) + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read); + +const CMOVCC: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_flags_access(Access::Read) + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read); + +const SETCC: BehaviorDigest = BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_flags_access(Access::Read) + .set_operand(0, Access::Write); + +static PUSH_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Disp, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: -8i32, + write: true, + }, + // push.. pushes the value (above), then does a RMW on rsp. + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static POP_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static JCC_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rflags(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rip(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static CBW_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::al(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static CWDE_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static CDQE_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +// note CQD, CDQ, CQO: +// +// these are writes to dx/edx/rdx but *not* `*ax`. this is because while these registers "write" +// sign-extended *ax to *ax:*dx, "writes" to eax:edx do not modify the upper 32 bits of rax. that +// is to say, that if `rax` is 0x8000_1234_c000_0000 and a `cdq` is executed, the result is: +// ``` +// rax = 0x8000_1234_c000_0000 +// rdx = 0x0000_0000_ffff_ffff +// ``` +// +// cool, huh!! +static CWD_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::dx(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static CDQ_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static CQO_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rdx(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static PUSHF_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rflags(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Disp, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: -8i32, + write: true, + }, + // push.. pushes the value (above), then does a RMW on rsp. + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static POPF_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rflags(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static SAHF_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ah(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rflags(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static LAHF_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rflags(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ah(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static MOVS_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref_rdi, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref_rdi, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 1, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref_rdi, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref_rdi, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 1, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static LODS_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref_rdi, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 1, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref_rdi, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 1, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static STOS_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref_rdi, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref_rdi, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static SCAS_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref_rdi, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref_rdi, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rflags(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static RETURN_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rip(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static LEAVE_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rbp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rbp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static ENTER_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rbp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rbp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Disp, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: -8i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static XLAT_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + // xlat is the only implicit operand to use a base/index addressing scheme, so note the + // base (rbx) and handle the implicit al index in code..? + spec: OperandSpec::MemIndexScale, + reg: RegSpec::rbx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::al(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static CLTS_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::cr2(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::cr2(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +// the actual implicit operands of `{i,}mul` are broken out by operand count and operation size.. +static MUL_OPS_1OP_BYTE: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::al(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + } +]; +static MUL_OPS_1OP_WORD: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::dx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + } +]; +static MUL_OPS_1OP_DWORD: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + } +]; +static MUL_OPS_1OP_QWORD: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rdx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + } +]; + +// the actual implicit operands of `{i,}div` are broken out by operation size.. +static DIV_OPS_1OP_BYTE: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; +static DIV_OPS_1OP_WORD: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::dx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::dx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + } +]; +static DIV_OPS_1OP_DWORD: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + } +]; +static DIV_OPS_1OP_QWORD: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rdx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rdx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + } +]; + +static RDTSC_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + } +]; + +static RDTSCP_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ecx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + } +]; + +static RDPMC_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ecx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + } +]; + +static CPUID_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ecx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ecx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ebx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static CALL_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rip(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rip(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Disp, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: -8i32, + write: true, + }, + // push.. pushes the value (above), then does a RMW on rsp. + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static JMP_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rip(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static JMPF_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rip(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::cs(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static CALLF_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rip(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::cs(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rip(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Disp, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: -10i32, + write: true, + }, + // push.. pushes the value (above), then does a RMW on rsp. + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static RETF_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rip(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::cs(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + // pop.. pops the value (above), then does a RMW on rsp. + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rsp(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static LFS_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::fs(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static LGS_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::gs(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static LSS_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ss(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + } +]; + +static CMPXCHG_OPS_BYTE: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::al(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::al(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static CMPXCHG_OPS_WORD: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static CMPXCHG_OPS_DWORD: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static CMPXCHG_OPS_QWORD: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static CMPXCHG8B_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ecx(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ebx(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static CMPXCHG16B_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rdx(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rcx(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rbx(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rdx(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +// TODO: register size should be picked by memory access size, but defaulting to rdi for now. +static MASKMOVQ_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref, + reg: RegSpec::rdi(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static MONITOR_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rcx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref, + reg: RegSpec::rdx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, +]; + +static XMM0_READ_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm0(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, +]; + +static MULX_64B_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rdx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, +]; + +static MULX_32B_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, +]; + +static EDI_MEMWRITE_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref, + reg: RegSpec::edi(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, +]; + +static RDI_MEMWRITE_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::Deref, + reg: RegSpec::rdi(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, +]; + +static PCMPESTRI_64B_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rdx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ecx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static PCMPESTRI_32B_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ecx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static PCMPESTRM_64B_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rdx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm0(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static PCMPESTRM_32B_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm0(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static PCMPISTRI_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ecx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static PCMPISTRM_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm0(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static READ_EDX_EAX_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::edx(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, +]; + +static LMSW_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::cr0(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::cr0(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static SMSW_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::cr0(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, +]; + +static READ_EAX_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, +]; + +static WRITE_AL_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::al(), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static RW_XMM0TO7_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(0), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(1), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(2), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(3), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(4), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(5), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(6), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(7), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(0), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(1), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(2), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(3), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(4), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(5), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(6), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(7), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static ENCODEKEY_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(0), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(0), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(1), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(2), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(4), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(5), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(6), + disp: 0i32, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static LOADIWKEY_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::eax(), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::xmm(0), + disp: 0i32, + write: false, + }, +]; + +static RW_RCX_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rcx(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::rcx(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static RW_ECX_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ecx(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::ecx(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +static RW_CX_OPS: &'static [ImplicitOperand] = &[ + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::cx(), + disp: 0, + write: false, + }, + ImplicitOperand { + spec: OperandSpec::RegRRR, + reg: RegSpec::cx(), + disp: 0, + write: true, + }, +]; + +const PUSH_OPS_IDX: u16 = 1; +const POP_OPS_IDX: u16 = 2; +const JCC_OPS_IDX: u16 = 3; +const CBW_IDX: u16 = 4; +const CWDE_IDX: u16 = 5; +const CDQE_IDX: u16 = 6; +const CWD_IDX: u16 = 7; +const CDQ_IDX: u16 = 8; +const CQO_IDX: u16 = 9; +const PUSHF_IDX: u16 = 10; +const POPF_IDX: u16 = 11; +const SAHF_IDX: u16 = 12; +const LAHF_IDX: u16 = 13; +const MOVS_IDX: u16 = 14; +const LODS_IDX: u16 = 15; +const STOS_IDX: u16 = 16; +const SCAS_IDX: u16 = 17; +const RETURN_IDX: u16 = 18; +const LEAVE_IDX: u16 = 19; +const XLAT_IDX: u16 = 20; +const CLTS_IDX: u16 = 21; +const MUL_IDX_1OP_BYTE: u16 = 22; +const MUL_IDX_1OP_WORD: u16 = 23; +const MUL_IDX_1OP_DWORD: u16 = 24; +const MUL_IDX_1OP_QWORD: u16 = 25; +const DIV_IDX_1OP_BYTE: u16 = 26; +const DIV_IDX_1OP_WORD: u16 = 27; +const DIV_IDX_1OP_DWORD: u16 = 28; +const DIV_IDX_1OP_QWORD: u16 = 29; +const RDTSC_IDX: u16 = 30; +const RDPMC_IDX: u16 = 31; +const CPUID_IDX: u16 = 32; +const CALL_OPS_IDX: u16 = 33; +const JMP_OPS_IDX: u16 = 34; +const CALLF_OPS_IDX: u16 = 35; +const JMPF_OPS_IDX: u16 = 36; +const LFS_IDX: u16 = 37; +const LGS_IDX: u16 = 38; +const LSS_IDX: u16 = 39; +const CMPXCHG_IDX_BYTE: u16 = 40; +const CMPXCHG_IDX_WORD: u16 = 41; +const CMPXCHG_IDX_DWORD: u16 = 42; +const CMPXCHG_IDX_QWORD: u16 = 43; +const CMPXCHG8B_IDX: u16 = 44; +const CMPXCHG16B_IDX: u16 = 45; +const RDTSCP_IDX: u16 = 46; +const MASKMOVQ_IDX: u16 = 47; +const MONITOR_IDX: u16 = 48; +const XMM0_READ_IDX: u16 = 49; +const MULX_64B_IDX: u16 = 50; +const MULX_32B_IDX: u16 = 51; +const EDI_MEMWRITE_IDX: u16 = 52; +const RDI_MEMWRITE_IDX: u16 = 53; +const PCMPESTRI_64B_IDX: u16 = 54; +const PCMPESTRI_32B_IDX: u16 = 55; +const PCMPESTRM_64B_IDX: u16 = 56; +const PCMPESTRM_32B_IDX: u16 = 57; +const PCMPISTRI_IDX: u16 = 58; +const PCMPISTRM_IDX: u16 = 59; +const READ_EDX_EAX_IDX: u16 = 60; +const RETF_IDX: u16 = 61; +const LMSW_IDX: u16 = 62; +const SMSW_IDX: u16 = 63; +const READ_EAX_IDX: u16 = 64; +const WRITE_AL_IDX: u16 = 65; +const RW_XMM0TO7_IDX: u16 = 66; +const ENCODEKEY_IDX: u16 = 67; +const LOADIWKEY_IDX: u16 = 68; +const RW_RCX_IDX: u16 = 69; +const RW_ECX_IDX: u16 = 70; +const RW_CX_IDX: u16 = 71; +const ENTER_IDX: u16 = 72; + +static IMPLICIT_OPS_LIST: [&[ImplicitOperand]; 73] = [ + &[], // implicit ops list 0 is not used + PUSH_OPS, + POP_OPS, + JCC_OPS, + CBW_OPS, + CWDE_OPS, + CDQE_OPS, + CWD_OPS, + CDQ_OPS, + CQO_OPS, + PUSHF_OPS, + POPF_OPS, + SAHF_OPS, + LAHF_OPS, + MOVS_OPS, + LODS_OPS, + STOS_OPS, + SCAS_OPS, + RETURN_OPS, + LEAVE_OPS, + XLAT_OPS, + CLTS_OPS, + MUL_OPS_1OP_BYTE, + MUL_OPS_1OP_WORD, + MUL_OPS_1OP_DWORD, + MUL_OPS_1OP_QWORD, + DIV_OPS_1OP_BYTE, + DIV_OPS_1OP_WORD, + DIV_OPS_1OP_DWORD, + DIV_OPS_1OP_QWORD, + RDTSC_OPS, + RDPMC_OPS, + CPUID_OPS, + CALL_OPS, + JMP_OPS, + CALLF_OPS, + JMPF_OPS, + LFS_OPS, + LGS_OPS, + LSS_OPS, + CMPXCHG_OPS_BYTE, + CMPXCHG_OPS_WORD, + CMPXCHG_OPS_DWORD, + CMPXCHG_OPS_QWORD, + CMPXCHG8B_OPS, + CMPXCHG16B_OPS, + RDTSCP_OPS, + MASKMOVQ_OPS, + MONITOR_OPS, + XMM0_READ_OPS, + MULX_64B_OPS, + MULX_32B_OPS, + EDI_MEMWRITE_OPS, + RDI_MEMWRITE_OPS, + PCMPESTRI_64B_OPS, + PCMPESTRI_32B_OPS, + PCMPESTRM_64B_OPS, + PCMPESTRM_32B_OPS, + PCMPISTRI_OPS, + PCMPISTRM_OPS, + READ_EDX_EAX_OPS, + RETF_OPS, + LMSW_OPS, + SMSW_OPS, + READ_EAX_OPS, + WRITE_AL_OPS, + RW_XMM0TO7_OPS, + ENCODEKEY_OPS, + LOADIWKEY_OPS, + RW_RCX_OPS, + RW_ECX_OPS, + RW_CX_OPS, + ENTER_OPS, +]; + +fn opcode2behavior(opc: &Opcode) -> BehaviorDigest { + let idx = (*opc as u32) & 0xfff; + TABLE[idx as usize] +} + +#[cfg(feature = "_debug_internal_asserts")] +#[test] +fn behavior_table_size_is_right() { + use strum::EnumCount; + assert_eq!(TABLE.len(), super::Opcode::COUNT); + + assert_eq!(opcode2behavior(&Opcode::VMOVLHPS), GENERAL_W_R_R); +} + +/// this table MUST line up with Opcode declaration order in `mod.rs`. +static TABLE: [BehaviorDigest; 1413] = [ + /* ADD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* OR => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* ADC => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGRW, + /* SBB => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGRW, + /* AND => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* SUB => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* XOR => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* CMP => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* ROL => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* ROR => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* RCL => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGRW, + /* RCR => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGRW, + /* SHL => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* SHR => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* SAL => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* SAR => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* BTC => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE + .set_complex(true), + /* BTR => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE + .set_complex(true), + /* BTS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE + .set_complex(true), + /* CMPXCHG => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* CMPXCHG8B => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE + .set_implicit_ops(CMPXCHG8B_IDX), + /* CMPXCHG16B => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE + .set_implicit_ops(CMPXCHG16B_IDX), + /* DEC => */ GENERAL_RW_FLAGWRITE, + /* INC => */ GENERAL_RW_FLAGWRITE, + /* NEG => */ GENERAL_RW_FLAGWRITE, + /* NOT => */ GENERAL_RW, + /* XADD => */ GENERAL_RW_RW_FLAGRW, + /* XCHG => */ GENERAL_RW_RW, + + /* CMPS => */ GENERAL_RW_RW_FLAGWRITE + .set_implicit_ops(MOVS_IDX), + /* SCAS => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD + .set_implicit_ops(SCAS_IDX), // TODO: second operand is `aX`, right? + /* MOVS => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD + .set_implicit_ops(MOVS_IDX), + /* LODS => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD + .set_implicit_ops(LODS_IDX), + /* STOS => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD + .set_implicit_ops(STOS_IDX), + /* INS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* OUTS => */ GENERAL_R_R, + + // "Invalid" should never be a publicly-visible Opcode variant.. + /* Invalid => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* BT => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE + .set_complex(true), + /* BSF => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* BSR => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* TZCNT => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* MOVSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ADDSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SUBSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MULSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* DIVSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MINSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MAXSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SQRTSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SQRTSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ADDSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SUBSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MULSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* DIVSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MINSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MAXSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVSLDUP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVSHDUP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVDDUP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* HADDPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* HSUBPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ADDSUBPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ADDSUBPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* CVTSI2SS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTSI2SD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTTSD2SI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTTPS2DQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTPD2DQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTPD2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTPS2DQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTSD2SI => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* CVTSD2SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* CVTTSS2SI => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* CVTSS2SI => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* CVTSS2SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* CVTDQ2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* LDDQU => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVZX => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVSX => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVSXD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SHRD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_FLAGWRITE + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* HLT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0(), + /* CALL => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(CALL_OPS_IDX) + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* CALLF => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(CALLF_OPS_IDX) + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* JMP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(JMP_OPS_IDX) + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* JMPF => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(JMPF_OPS_IDX) + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* PUSH => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(PUSH_OPS_IDX) + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* POP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(POP_OPS_IDX) + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write), + /* LEA => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* NOP => */ GENERAL, + /* PREFETCHNTA => */ GENERAL_R, + /* PREFETCH0 => */ GENERAL_R, + /* PREFETCH1 => */ GENERAL_R, + /* PREFETCH2 => */ GENERAL_R, + /* POPF => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(POPF_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* INT => */ GENERAL_R, + /* INTO => */ GENERAL_R_FLAGREAD, + // TODO: should there be implicit operands for the iret instructions? they're complex + // anyway.. + /* IRET => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_complex(true), + /* IRETD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_complex(true), + /* IRETQ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_complex(true), + /* RETF => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_nontrivial(true) + .set_implicit_ops(RETF_IDX), + /* ENTER => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(ENTER_IDX) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_pl_any(), + /* LEAVE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(LEAVE_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* MOV => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* RETURN => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(RETURN_IDX) + .set_nontrivial(true) + .set_pl_any(), + /* PUSHF => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(PUSHF_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* WAIT => */ GENERAL, + /* CBW => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(CBW_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* CWDE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(CWDE_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* CDQE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(CDQE_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* CWD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(CWD_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* CDQ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(CDQ_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* CQO => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(CQO_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* LAHF => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(LAHF_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* SAHF => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(SAHF_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* TEST => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* IN => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true) + .set_pl_special() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read), + /* OUT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true) + .set_pl_special() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read), + /* IMUL => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) // operands are adjusted via non_trivial + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* JO => */ JCC, + /* JNO => */ JCC, + /* JB => */ JCC, + /* JNB => */ JCC, + /* JZ => */ JCC, + /* JNZ => */ JCC, + /* JA => */ JCC, + /* JNA => */ JCC, + /* JS => */ JCC, + /* JNS => */ JCC, + /* JP => */ JCC, + /* JNP => */ JCC, + /* JL => */ JCC, + /* JGE => */ JCC, + /* JLE => */ JCC, + /* JG => */ JCC, + /* CMOVA => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVB => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVG => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVGE => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVL => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVLE => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVNA => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVNB => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVNO => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVNP => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVNS => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVNZ => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVO => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVP => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVS => */ CMOVCC, + /* CMOVZ => */ CMOVCC, + /* DIV => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* IDIV => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* MUL => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* SETO => */ SETCC, + /* SETNO => */ SETCC, + /* SETB => */ SETCC, + /* SETAE => */ SETCC, + /* SETZ => */ SETCC, + /* SETNZ => */ SETCC, + /* SETBE => */ SETCC, + /* SETA => */ SETCC, + /* SETS => */ SETCC, + /* SETNS => */ SETCC, + /* SETP => */ SETCC, + /* SETNP => */ SETCC, + /* SETL => */ SETCC, + /* SETGE => */ SETCC, + /* SETLE => */ SETCC, + /* SETG => */ SETCC, + /* CPUID => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(CPUID_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + /* UD0 => */ GENERAL, + /* UD1 => */ GENERAL + .set_operand(0, Access::None) + .set_operand(1, Access::None), + /* UD2 => */ GENERAL, + /* WBINVD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0(), + /* INVD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0(), + /* SYSRET => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0(), + /* CLTS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(CLTS_IDX) + .set_pl0(), + /* SYSCALL => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* LSL => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* LAR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* SGDT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write), + /* SIDT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write), + /* LGDT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* LIDT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* SMSW => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_implicit_ops(SMSW_IDX), + /* LMSW => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_implicit_ops(LMSW_IDX), + /* SWAPGS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0(), + /* RDTSCP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_implicit_ops(RDTSCP_IDX) + .set_complex(true), + // TODO: invlpg does not generate a page fault, so it's "memory" only in generating an + // address. + /* INVLPG => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + // TODO: this is only complex because while the memory access is 512 bytes, + // `MemoryAccessSize::bytes_size()` does not report it as such. + /* FXSAVE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + // TODO: this is only complex because while the memory access is 512 bytes, + // `MemoryAccessSize::bytes_size()` does not report it as such. + /* FXRSTOR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* LDMXCSR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true) + .set_pl_any(), + /* STMXCSR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true) + .set_pl_any(), + /* XSAVE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* XRSTOR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* XSAVEOPT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* LFENCE => */ GENERAL, + /* MFENCE => */ GENERAL, + /* SFENCE => */ GENERAL, + // in almost all cases `clflush` does not "write" anything, but it is more of a write than + // a read; from any other processor's perspective, the cache coherency protocol would + // ensure that other processors' caches "are" memory and this would be a no-op for + // architectural state. but for some kinds of memory (WC, for example), cache coherency is + // more lax and the executing processor's cache is in fact writing up to 64 bytes of novel + // data to main memory. + /* CLFLUSH => */ GENERAL_W + .set_complex(true), + // same argument as `clflush`. + /* CLFLUSHOPT => */ GENERAL_W + .set_complex(true), + // same argument as `clflush`. + /* CLWB => */ GENERAL_W + .set_complex(true), + /* WRMSR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* RDTSC => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(RDTSC_IDX) + .set_pl_special() + .set_complex(true), + /* RDMSR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* RDPMC => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(RDPMC_IDX) + .set_pl_special(), + /* SLDT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + /* STR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + /* LLDT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* LTR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VERR => */ GENERAL_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* VERW => */ GENERAL_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* CMC => */ GENERAL_FLAGRW, + /* CLC => */ GENERAL_FLAGRW, + /* STC => */ GENERAL_FLAGRW, + /* CLI => */ GENERAL_FLAGRW + .set_pl_special(), + /* STI => */ GENERAL_FLAGRW + .set_pl_special(), + /* CLD => */ GENERAL_FLAGRW, + /* STD => */ GENERAL_FLAGRW, + /* JMPE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() // TODO: don't have a processor with jmpe to validate + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_implicit_ops(JMP_OPS_IDX), + /* POPCNT => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* MOVDQU => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVDQA => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CMPSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* CMPSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* UNPCKLPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* UNPCKLPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* UNPCKHPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* UNPCKHPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSHUFHW => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PSHUFLW => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* MOVUPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVQ2DQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVDQ2Q => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* RSQRTSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* RCPSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + + /* ANDN => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* BEXTR => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* BLSI => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* BLSMSK => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* BLSR => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* VMCLEAR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VMXON => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* VMCALL => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VMLAUNCH => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* VMRESUME => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* VMXOFF => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* PCONFIG => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* MONITOR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_implicit_ops(MONITOR_IDX) + .set_complex(true), + /* MWAIT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_complex(true), + /* MONITORX => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_implicit_ops(MONITOR_IDX) + .set_complex(true), + /* MWAITX => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* CLAC => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* STAC => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* ENCLS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* ENCLV => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* XGETBV => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* XSETBV => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* VMFUNC => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* XABORT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* XBEGIN => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* XEND => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* XTEST => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* ENCLU => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_complex(true), + /* RDPKRU => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* WRPKRU => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + + /* RDPRU => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* CLZERO => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + + /* RDSEED => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_pl_any(), + /* RDRAND => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_pl_any(), + + /* ADDPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ADDPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ANDNPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ANDNPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ANDPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ANDPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* BSWAP => */ GENERAL_RW, + /* CMPPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* CMPPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* COMISD => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* COMISS => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* CVTDQ2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTPI2PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + // TODO: are these cvtp*2p* instructions targeting mmx actually read-write on the + // destination? what happens to the top 16 bits of the destination? + /* CVTPI2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTPS2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTPS2PI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTPD2PI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTTPS2PI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* CVTTPD2PI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + // exciting: zeroes the upper half of the xmm register, but leaves ymm/zmm unmodified + /* CVTTPD2DQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* DIVPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* DIVPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* EMMS => */ GENERAL, + // TODO: untested, don't have relevant hardware.. + /* GETSEC => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* LFS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_implicit_ops(LFS_IDX), + /* LGS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_implicit_ops(LGS_IDX), + /* LSS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_implicit_ops(LSS_IDX), + /* MASKMOVQ => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_implicit_ops(MASKMOVQ_IDX), + /* MASKMOVDQU => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_implicit_ops(MASKMOVQ_IDX), + /* MAXPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MAXPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MINPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MINPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVAPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVAPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVLPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVLPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVHPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVHPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVLHPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVHLPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVUPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVMSKPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVMSKPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVNTI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVNTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVNTPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* EXTRQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* INSERTQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* MOVNTSS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVNTSD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVNTQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MOVNTDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* MULPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MULPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ORPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* ORPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PACKSSDW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PACKSSWB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PACKUSWB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PADDB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PADDD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PADDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PADDSB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PADDSW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PADDUSB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PADDUSW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PADDW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PAND => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PANDN => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PAVGB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PAVGW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PCMPEQB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PCMPEQD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PCMPEQW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PCMPGTB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PCMPGTD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PCMPGTW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PINSRW => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PMADDWD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMAXSW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMAXUB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMINSW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMINUB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVMSKB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMULHUW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMULHW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMULLW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMULUDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* POR => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSADBW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSHUFW => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PSHUFD => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PSLLD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSLLDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSLLQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSLLW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSRAD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSRAW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSRLD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSRLDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSRLQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSRLW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSUBB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSUBD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSUBQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSUBSB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSUBSW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSUBUSB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSUBUSW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSUBW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PUNPCKHBW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PUNPCKHDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PUNPCKHWD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PUNPCKLBW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PUNPCKLDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PUNPCKLWD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PUNPCKLQDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PUNPCKHQDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PXOR => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* RCPPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* RSM => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_complex(true), + /* RSQRTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* SHLD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* SHUFPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* SHUFPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + // TODO: slhd is not real, typo of shld + /* SLHD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* SQRTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* SQRTPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* SUBPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SUBPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SYSENTER => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* SYSEXIT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* UCOMISD => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* UCOMISS => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* VMREAD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* VMWRITE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* XORPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* XORPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + + /* VMOVDDUP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPSHUFLW => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VPSHUFHW => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VHADDPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VHSUBPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VADDSUBPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VCVTPD2DQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VLDDQU => */ GENERAL_W_R, + + /* VCOMISD => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* VCOMISS => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* VUCOMISD => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* VUCOMISS => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* VADDPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VADDPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VADDSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VADDSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VADDSUBPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VAESDEC => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VAESDECLAST => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VAESENC => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VAESENCLAST => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VAESIMC => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VAESKEYGENASSIST => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VBLENDPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R_IMM8, + /* VBLENDPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R_IMM8, + /* VBLENDVPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VBLENDVPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VBROADCASTF128 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTI128 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTSD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTSS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCMPSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R_IMM8, + /* VCMPSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R_IMM8, + /* VCMPPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VCMPPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + // TODO: SUPER suspicious about the RW_R/W_R confusion here. + // vcvtss2si says that dest[0:63] are written but omits bits 64 and up. + // vcvtsd2si says taht dest[0:63] are written and upper bits are taken from src1. + // is src1 used generally? + /* VCVTDQ2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTDQ2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTPD2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTPH2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTPS2DQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTPS2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTSS2SD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VCVTSI2SS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VCVTSI2SD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VCVTSD2SI => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* VCVTSD2SS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VCVTPS2PH => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VCVTSS2SI => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* VCVTTPD2DQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTTPS2DQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTTSS2SI => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* VCVTTSD2SI => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* VDIVPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VDIVPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VDIVSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VDIVSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VDPPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VDPPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VEXTRACTF128 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VEXTRACTI128 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VEXTRACTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VFMADD132PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD132PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD132SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD132SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD213PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD213PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD213SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD213SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD231PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD231PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD231SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADD231SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADDSUB132PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADDSUB132PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADDSUB213PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADDSUB213PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADDSUB231PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMADDSUB231PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB132PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB132PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB132SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB132SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB213PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB213PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB213SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB213SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB231PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB231PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB231SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUB231SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUBADD132PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUBADD132PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUBADD213PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUBADD213PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUBADD231PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFMSUBADD231PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD132PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD132PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD132SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD132SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD213PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD213PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD213SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD213SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD231PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD231PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD231SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMADD231SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB132PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB132PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB132SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB132SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB213PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB213PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB213SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB213SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB231PD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB231PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB231SD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VFNMSUB231SS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VGATHERDPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VGATHERDPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VGATHERQPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VGATHERQPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VHADDPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VHSUBPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VINSERTF128 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R_IMM8, + /* VINSERTI128 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R_IMM8, + /* VINSERTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R_IMM8, + /* VMASKMOVDQU => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* VMASKMOVPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMASKMOVPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMAXPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMAXPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMAXSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMAXSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMINPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMINPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMINSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMINSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMOVAPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVAPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVDQA => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVDQU => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVHLPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + // these four are not actually reached due to check above + /* VMOVHPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* VMOVHPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* VMOVLHPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMOVLPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* VMOVLPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* VMOVMSKPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVMSKPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVNTDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVNTDQA => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVNTPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVNTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMOVSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMOVSHDUP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVSLDUP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVUPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVUPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMPSADBW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VMULPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMULPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMULSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VMULSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPABSB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPABSD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPABSW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPACKSSDW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPACKUSDW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPACKSSWB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPACKUSWB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPADDB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPADDD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPADDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPADDSB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPADDSW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPADDUSB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPADDUSW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPADDW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPALIGNR => */ GENERAL_W_R_R_IMM8, + /* VANDPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VANDPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VORPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VORPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VANDNPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VANDNPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPAND => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPANDN => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPAVGB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPAVGW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPBLENDD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPBLENDVB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPBLENDW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPBROADCASTB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPBROADCASTD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPBROADCASTQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPBROADCASTW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPCLMULQDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPCMPEQB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPCMPEQD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPCMPEQQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPCMPEQW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPCMPGTB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPCMPGTD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPCMPGTQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPCMPGTW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPCMPESTRI => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* VPCMPESTRM => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* VPCMPISTRI => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_implicit_ops(PCMPISTRI_IDX), + /* VPCMPISTRM => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_implicit_ops(PCMPISTRM_IDX), + /* VPERM2F128 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPERM2I128 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPERMD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMILPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMILPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPEXTRB => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VPEXTRD => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VPEXTRQ => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VPEXTRW => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + // TODO: complex + /* VPGATHERDD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VPGATHERDQ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VPGATHERQD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VPGATHERQQ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VPHADDD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPHADDSW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPHADDW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMADDUBSW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPHMINPOSUW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPHSUBD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPHSUBSW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPHSUBW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPINSRB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPINSRD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPINSRQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPINSRW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPMADDWD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMASKMOVD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMASKMOVQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMAXSB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMAXSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMAXSW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMAXUB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMAXUW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMAXUD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMINSB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMINSW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMINSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMINUB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMINUW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMINUD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMOVMSKB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSXBD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSXBQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSXBW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSXDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSXWD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSXWQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVZXBD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVZXBQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVZXBW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVZXDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVZXWD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVZXWQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMULDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMULHRSW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMULHUW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMULHW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMULLQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMULLD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMULLW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMULUDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPOR => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSADBW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSHUFB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSHUFD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSIGNB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSIGND => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSIGNW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSLLD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSLLDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSLLQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSLLVD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSLLVQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSLLW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRAD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRAVD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRAW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRLD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRLDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRLQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRLVD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRLVQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRLW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSUBB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSUBD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSUBQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSUBSB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSUBSW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSUBUSB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSUBUSW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSUBW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPTEST => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* VPUNPCKHBW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPUNPCKHDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPUNPCKHQDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPUNPCKHWD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPUNPCKLBW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPUNPCKLDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPUNPCKLQDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPUNPCKLWD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPXOR => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VRCPPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VROUNDPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VROUNDPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VROUNDSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VROUNDSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VRSQRTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VRSQRTSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VRCPSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VSHUFPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VSHUFPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VSQRTPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VSQRTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VSQRTSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VSQRTSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VSUBPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VSUBPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VSUBSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VSUBSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VTESTPD => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* VTESTPS => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* VUNPCKHPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VUNPCKHPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VUNPCKLPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VUNPCKLPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VXORPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VXORPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VZEROUPPER => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VZEROALL => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VLDMXCSR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true) + .set_pl_any(), + /* VSTMXCSR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true) + .set_pl_any(), + + /* PCLMULQDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* AESKEYGENASSIST => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* AESIMC => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* AESENC => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* AESENCLAST => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* AESDEC => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* AESDECLAST => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PCMPGTQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PCMPISTRM => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_implicit_ops(PCMPISTRM_IDX), + /* PCMPISTRI => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_implicit_ops(PCMPISTRI_IDX), + /* PCMPESTRI => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* PACKUSDW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PCMPESTRM => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* PCMPEQQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PTEST => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* PHMINPOSUW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* DPPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* DPPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* MPSADBW => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PMOVZXDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVSXDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVZXBD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVSXBD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVZXWQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVSXWQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVZXBQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVSXBQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVSXWD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVZXWD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PEXTRQ => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PEXTRD => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PEXTRW => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PEXTRB => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PMOVSXBW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMOVZXBW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PINSRQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PINSRD => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PINSRB => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* EXTRACTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* INSERTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* ROUNDSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* ROUNDSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* ROUNDPS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* ROUNDPD => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PMAXSB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMAXSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMAXUW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMAXUD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMINSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMINSB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMINUD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMINUW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + // TODO: need to remove; doesn't exist + /* BLENDW => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* PBLENDVB => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_implicit_ops(XMM0_READ_IDX), + /* PBLENDW => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* BLENDVPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_implicit_ops(XMM0_READ_IDX), + /* BLENDVPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_implicit_ops(XMM0_READ_IDX), + /* BLENDPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* BLENDPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PMULDQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* MOVNTDQA => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* PMULLD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PALIGNR => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* PSIGNW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSIGND => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSIGNB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSHUFB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMULHRSW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PMADDUBSW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PABSD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* PABSW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* PABSB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* PHSUBSW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PHSUBW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PHSUBD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PHADDD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PHADDSW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PHADDW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* HSUBPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* HADDPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + + /* SHA1RNDS4 => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* SHA1NEXTE => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SHA1MSG1 => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SHA1MSG2 => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SHA256RNDS2 => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_implicit_ops(XMM0_READ_IDX), + /* SHA256MSG1 => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SHA256MSG2 => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + + /* LZCNT => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* CLGI => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* STGI => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* SKINIT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* VMLOAD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* VMMCALL => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* VMSAVE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* VMRUN => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* INVLPGA => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read), + /* INVLPGB => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_operand(1, Access::Read) + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* TLBSYNC => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0(), + + /* MOVBE => */ GENERAL_W_R, + + /* ADCX => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_flags_access(Access::ReadWrite), + /* ADOX => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_flags_access(Access::ReadWrite), + + /* PREFETCHW => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + + /* RDPID => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write), + /* VMPTRLD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VMPTRST => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + + /* BZHI => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* MULX => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_operand(1, Access::Write) + .set_operand(2, Access::Read) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* SHLX => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* SHRX => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* SARX => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* PDEP => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* PEXT => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* RORX => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* XRSTORS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_implicit_ops(READ_EDX_EAX_IDX), + /* XRSTORS64 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true) + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_implicit_ops(READ_EDX_EAX_IDX), + /* XSAVEC => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true) + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_implicit_ops(READ_EDX_EAX_IDX), + /* XSAVEC64 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true) + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_implicit_ops(READ_EDX_EAX_IDX), + /* XSAVES => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true) + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_implicit_ops(READ_EDX_EAX_IDX), + /* XSAVES64 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true) + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_implicit_ops(READ_EDX_EAX_IDX), + + /* RDFSBASE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write), + /* RDGSBASE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write), + /* WRFSBASE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + /* WRGSBASE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read), + + /* CRC32 => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* SALC => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_flags_access(Access::Read) + .set_implicit_ops(WRITE_AL_IDX), + /* XLAT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_implicit_ops(XLAT_IDX) + .set_pl_any(), + + // TODO: none of x87 is verified well.. and what about the bits in the FPU status word.. + // and what about pushes/pops from the x87 operand stack.. + // TODO: read st(0), write st(0) + /* F2XM1 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FABS => */ GENERAL, // TODO: this is really an implicit write to st(0) + /* FADD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FADDP => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FBLD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* FBSTP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* FCHS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* FCMOVB => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD, + /* FCMOVBE => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD, + /* FCMOVE => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD, + /* FCMOVNB => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD, + /* FCMOVNBE => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD, + /* FCMOVNE => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD, + /* FCMOVNU => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD, + /* FCMOVU => */ GENERAL_W_R_FLAGREAD, + /* FCOM => */ GENERAL_R_R, + /* FCOMI => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* FCOMIP => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* FCOMP => */ GENERAL_R_R, + /* FCOMPP => */ GENERAL_R_R, + // TODO: st(0) -> st(0) + /* FCOS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: x87 stack pointer dec + /* FDECSTP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FDIV => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + // TODO: x87 stack pop + /* FDIVP => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FDIVR => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + // TODO: x87 stack pop + /* FDIVRP => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FENI8087_NOP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FDISI8087_NOP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: the behavior here is ... inaccurate. st(i) is not read, but state associated with + // that register is modified. so it's kind of read? + /* FFREE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_pl_any(), + // same as `ffree` above. + /* FFREEP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_pl_any(), + /* FIADD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FICOM => */ GENERAL_R_R, + /* FICOMP => */ GENERAL_R_R, + /* FIDIV => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FIDIVR => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + // TODO: writing to st(0) is only kind of accurate, this *pushes* to the operand stack.. + /* FILD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* FIMUL => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + // TODO: x87 stack pointer inc + /* FINCSTP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FIST => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* FISTP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* FISTTP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* FISUB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FISUBR => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + // TODO: writing to st(0) is only kind of accurate, this *pushes* to the operand stack.. + /* FLD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + // TODO: fpu stack write + /* FLD1 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FLDCW => */ GENERAL_R, + /* FLDENV => */ GENERAL_R + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + // TODO: fpu stack write + /* FLDL2E => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: fpu stack write + /* FLDL2T => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: fpu stack write + /* FLDLG2 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: fpu stack write + /* FLDLN2 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: fpu stack write + /* FLDPI => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: fpu stack write + /* FLDZ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FMUL => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FMULP => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + // TODO: report change to x87 flags? + /* FNCLEX => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: report change to x87 flags? + /* FNINIT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FNOP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FNSAVE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + /* FNSTCW => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + /* FNSTENV => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + // TODO: never produced.. + /* FNSTOR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* FNSTSW => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + // TODO: read st(1) with atan(st(1)/st(0)) and pop + /* FPATAN => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: read st(0), st(1), write st(0) + /* FPREM => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: read st(0), st(1), write st(0) + /* FPREM1 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: read st(0), write, push? + /* FPTAN => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: read st(0), write, push? + /* FRNDINT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FRSTOR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + // TODO: read st(0), st(1) + /* FSCALE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: report this as a complex instruction? + /* FSETPM287_NOP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: st(0) -> st(0) + /* FSIN => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: st(0) -> st(0) + /* FSINCOS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: st(0) -> st(0) + /* FSQRT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FST => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* FSTP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* FSTPNCE => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* FSUB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FSUBP => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FSUBR => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* FSUBRP => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + // TODO: report change to x87 flags, read of st(0)? + /* FTST => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FUCOM => */ GENERAL_R_R, + /* FUCOMI => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* FUCOMIP => */ GENERAL_R_R_FLAGWRITE, + /* FUCOMP => */ GENERAL_R_R, + /* FUCOMPP => */ GENERAL_R_R, + // TODO: report change to x87 flags? + /* FXAM => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* FXCH => */ GENERAL_RW_RW, + // TODO: read st(0), write st(0), x87 push + /* FXTRACT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: read st(0), write st(0) + /* FYL2X => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + // TODO: read st(0), write st(0) + /* FYL2XP1 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + + /* LOOPNZ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::ReadWrite) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* LOOPZ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::ReadWrite) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* LOOP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_flags_access(Access::ReadWrite) + .set_nontrivial(true), + /* JRCXZ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_nontrivial(true), + + // started shipping in Tremont, 2020 sept 23 + // while this instruction is marked "write, read", the written first operand is a register + // interpreteed as an address for a memory destination through the `es` selector. + /* MOVDIR64B => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_complex(true), + /* MOVDIRI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + + // started shipping in Tiger Lake, 2020 sept 2 + /* AESDEC128KL => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* AESDEC256KL => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* AESDECWIDE128KL => */ GENERAL_R + .set_implicit_ops(RW_XMM0TO7_IDX) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* AESDECWIDE256KL => */ GENERAL_R + .set_implicit_ops(RW_XMM0TO7_IDX) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* AESENC128KL => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* AESENC256KL => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* AESENCWIDE128KL => */ GENERAL_R + .set_implicit_ops(RW_XMM0TO7_IDX) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* AESENCWIDE256KL => */ GENERAL_R + .set_implicit_ops(RW_XMM0TO7_IDX) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* ENCODEKEY128 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_implicit_ops(ENCODEKEY_IDX) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* ENCODEKEY256 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_implicit_ops(ENCODEKEY_IDX) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* LOADIWKEY => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_implicit_ops(LOADIWKEY_IDX) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + + // unsure + /* HRESET => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) // but really, "explicit imm8 operand is ignored" + .set_implicit_ops(READ_EAX_IDX) + .set_complex(true), + + // 3dnow. note these are yet untested! + // the 3dnow DSP instructions (pi2fw, pf2iw, pfnacc, pfpnacc, pswapd) + // are even more untested. + /* FEMMS => */ GENERAL, + /* PI2FW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PI2FD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* PF2IW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PF2ID => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* PMULHRW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFCMPGE => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFMIN => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFRCP => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* PFRSQRT => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* PFSUB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFADD => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFCMPGT => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFMAX => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFRCPIT1 => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFRSQIT1 => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFSUBR => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFACC => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFCMPEQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFMUL => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFMULHRW => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFRCPIT2 => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFNACC => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PFPNACC => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + /* PSWAPD => */ GENERAL_RW_RW, + /* PAVGUSB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + + // ENQCMD + // similar to movdir64b, but more complex; the first operand is also an address for a + // memory destination. + /* ENQCMD => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* ENQCMDS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + + // INVPCID + // this almost meets the bar to be "complex", given that it manages non-architectural + // state not described by the operand iterator. but.. not quite, for now? + /* INVEPT => */ GENERAL_R_R, + // similar to above. + /* INVVPID => */ GENERAL_R_R, + // again, similar to `invept` above. + /* INVPCID => */ GENERAL_R_R, + + // PTWRITE + // TODO: untested + /* PTWRITE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + + // GFNI + /* GF2P8AFFINEQB => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* GF2P8AFFINEINVQB => */ GENERAL_RW_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* GF2P8MULB => */ GENERAL_RW_R, + + // CET + /* WRUSS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* WRSS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_pl_special() + .set_complex(true), + /* INCSSP => */ GENERAL_R + .set_pl_special() + .set_complex(true), + /* SAVEPREVSSP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_complex(true), + /* SETSSBSY => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* CLRSSBSY => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_operand(0, Access::ReadWrite) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + /* RSTORSSP => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_special() + .set_operand(0, Access::ReadWrite) + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + /* ENDBR64 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* ENDBR32 => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + + // TDX + /* TDCALL => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* SEAMRET => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* SEAMOPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + /* SEAMCALL => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_complex(true), + + // WAITPKG + /* TPAUSE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* UMONITOR => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* UMWAIT => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + + // UINTR + /* UIRET => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* TESTUI => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* CLUI => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* STUI => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + /* SENDUIPI => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any() + .set_complex(true), + + // TSXLDTRK + // arguably these should be considered "complex" similar to `uintr` instructions above, but + // they are not (at this time). the arbitrary distinction here is that x{sus,res}ldtrk + // operate on nothing *but* the trackedness of loads, so interactions with this processor + // state can be easily determined by looking for these instructions. additionally, a user + // interested in this state is probably already looking for these instructions, so + // declaring them complex adds burden to all other use for no benefit. + /* XSUSLDTRK => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + /* XRESLDTRK => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl_any(), + + // AVX512F + /* VALIGND => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VALIGNQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VBLENDMPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VBLENDMPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VCOMPRESSPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCOMPRESSPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTPD2UDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTTPD2UDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTPS2UDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTTPS2UDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTQQ2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTQQ2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTSD2USI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTTSD2USI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTSS2USI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTTSS2USI => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTUDQ2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTUDQ2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTUSI2USD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTUSI2USS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VEXPANDPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VEXPANDPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VEXTRACTF32X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VEXTRACTF64X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VEXTRACTI32X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VEXTRACTI64X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VFIXUPIMMPD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VFIXUPIMMPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VFIXUPIMMSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VFIXUPIMMSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VGETEXPPD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VGETEXPPS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VGETEXPSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VGETEXPSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VGETMANTPD => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VGETMANTPS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VGETMANTSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VGETMANTSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VINSERTF32X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VINSERTF64X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VINSERTI64X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VMOVDQA32 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVDQA64 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVDQU32 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVDQU64 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPBLENDMD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPBLENDMQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPCMPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPCMPUD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPCMPQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPCMPUQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPCOMPRESSQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPCOMPRESSD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPERMI2D => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMI2Q => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMI2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMI2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMT2D => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMT2Q => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMT2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMT2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMAXSQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMAXUQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMINSQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMINUQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMOVSQB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVUSQB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSQW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVUSQW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSQD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVUSQD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSDB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVUSDB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSDW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVUSDW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPROLD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPROLQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPROLVD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPROLVQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPRORD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPRORQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPRORRD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPRORRQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + // TODO: complex + /* VPSCATTERDD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VPSCATTERDQ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VPSCATTERQD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VPSCATTERQQ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_complex(true), + /* VPSRAQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRAVQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPTESTNMD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPTESTNMQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPTERNLOGD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPTERNLOGQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPTESTMD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPTESTMQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VRCP14PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VRCP14PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VRCP14SD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VRCP14SS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VRNDSCALEPD => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VRNDSCALEPS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VRNDSCALESD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VRNDSCALESS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VRSQRT14PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VRSQRT14PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VRSQRT14SD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VRSQRT14SS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + // vvv --- these don't exist.. + /* VSCALEDPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* VSCALEDPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* VSCALEDSD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* VSCALEDSS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* VSCATTERDD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* VSCATTERDQ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* VSCATTERQD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* VSCATTERQQ => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + // ^^^ --- these don't exist.. + /* VSHUFF32X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VSHUFF64X2 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VSHUFI32X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VSHUFI64X2 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + + // AVX512DQ + /* VCVTTPD2QQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTPD2QQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTTPD2UQQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTPD2UQQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTTPS2QQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTPS2QQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTTPS2UQQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTPS2UQQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTUQQ2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VCVTUQQ2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VEXTRACTF64X2 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VEXTRACTI64X2 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VFPCLASSPD => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VFPCLASSPS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VFPCLASSSD => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VFPCLASSSS => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VINSERTF64X2 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VINSERTI64X2 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPMOVM2D => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVM2Q => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVB2D => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVQ2M => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VRANGEPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VRANGEPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VRANGESD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VRANGESS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VREDUCEPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VREDUCEPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VREDUCESD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VREDUCESS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + + // AVX512BW + /* VDBPSADBW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VMOVDQU8 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VMOVDQU16 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPBLENDMB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPBLENDMW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPCMPB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPCMPUB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPCMPW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPCMPUW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPERMW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMI2B => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMI2W => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMOVM2B => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVM2W => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVB2M => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVW2M => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVSWB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVUSWB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPSLLVW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRAVW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPSRLVW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPTESTNMB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPTESTNMW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPTESTMB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPTESTMW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + + // AVX512CD + // TODO: this one does not exist + /* VPBROADCASTM => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* VPCONFLICTD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPCONFLICTQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPLZCNTD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPLZCNTQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + + /* KUNPCKBW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KUNPCKWD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KUNPCKDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + + /* KADDB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KANDB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KANDNB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KMOVB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* KNOTB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* KORB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KORTESTB => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* KSHIFTLB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KSHIFTRB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KTESTB => */ GENERAL_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* KXNORB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KXORB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KADDW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KANDW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KANDNW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KMOVW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* KNOTW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* KORW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KORTESTW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* KSHIFTLW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KSHIFTRW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KTESTW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* KXNORW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KXORW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KADDD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KANDD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KANDND => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KMOVD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* KNOTD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* KORD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KORTESTD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* KSHIFTLD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KSHIFTRD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KTESTD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* KXNORD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KXORD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KADDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KANDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KANDNQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KMOVQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* KNOTQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* KORQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KORTESTQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* KSHIFTLQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KSHIFTRQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KTESTQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_flags_access(Access::Write), + /* KXNORQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* KXORQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + + // AVX512ER + /* VEXP2PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VEXP2PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + // TODO: well, this one isn't real. + /* VEXP2SD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + // TODO: or this one. + /* VEXP2SS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty(), + /* VRCP28PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VRCP28PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VRCP28SD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VRCP28SS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VRSQRT28PD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VRSQRT28PS => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VRSQRT28SD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VRSQRT28SS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + + // AVX512PF + /* VGATHERPF0DPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VGATHERPF0DPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VGATHERPF0QPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VGATHERPF0QPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VGATHERPF1DPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VGATHERPF1DPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VGATHERPF1QPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VGATHERPF1QPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VSCATTERPF0DPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VSCATTERPF0DPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VSCATTERPF0QPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VSCATTERPF0QPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VSCATTERPF1DPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VSCATTERPF1DPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VSCATTERPF1QPD => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + /* VSCATTERPF1QPS => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_operand(0, Access::Read) + .set_complex(true), + + // MPX + /* BNDMK => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* BNDCL => */ GENERAL_R, + /* BNDCU => */ GENERAL_R, + /* BNDCN => */ GENERAL_R, + /* BNDMOV => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* BNDLDX => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_complex(true), + /* BNDSTX => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_complex(true), + + /* VGF2P8AFFINEQB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VGF2P8AFFINEINVQB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPSHRDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPSHRDD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPSHRDW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPSHLDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPSHLDD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VPSHLDW => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VBROADCASTF32X8 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTF64X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTF32X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTF64X2 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTF32X2 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTI32X8 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTI64X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTI32X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTI64X2 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VBROADCASTI32X2 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VEXTRACTI32X8 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VEXTRACTF32X8 => */ GENERAL_W_R + .set_operand(2, Access::Read), + /* VINSERTI32X8 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VINSERTF32X8 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* VINSERTI32X4 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R + .set_operand(3, Access::Read), + /* V4FNMADDSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R + .set_complex(true), + /* V4FNMADDPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R + .set_complex(true), + /* VCVTNEPS2BF16 => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* V4FMADDSS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R + .set_complex(true), + /* V4FMADDPS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R + .set_complex(true), + /* VCVTNE2PS2BF16 => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VP2INTERSECTD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VP2INTERSECTQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VP4DPWSSDS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VP4DPWSSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPDPWSSDS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPDPWSSD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPDPBUSDS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VDPBF16PS => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPBROADCASTMW2D => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPBROADCASTMB2Q => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVD2M => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVQD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVWB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVDB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVDW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVQB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPMOVQW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VGF2P8MULB => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPMADD52HUQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPMADD52LUQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPSHUFBITQMB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPEXPANDD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPEXPANDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPABSQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPRORVD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPRORVQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPMULTISHIFTQB => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPERMT2B => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPERMT2W => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPSHRDVQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPSHRDVD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPSHRDVW => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPSHLDVQ => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPSHLDVD => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPSHLDVW => */ GENERAL_RW_R_R, + /* VPCOMPRESSB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPCOMPRESSW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPEXPANDB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPEXPANDW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPOPCNTD => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPOPCNTQ => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPOPCNTB => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VPOPCNTW => */ GENERAL_W_R, + /* VSCALEFSS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VSCALEFSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VSCALEFPS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VSCALEFPD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPDPBUSD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VCVTUSI2SD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VCVTUSI2SS => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPXORD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPXORQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPORD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPORQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPANDND => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPANDNQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPANDD => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + /* VPANDQ => */ GENERAL_W_R_R, + + /* PSMASH => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + /* PVALIDATE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + /* RMPADJUST => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), + /* RMPUPDATE => */ BehaviorDigest::empty() + .set_pl0() + .set_flags_access(Access::Write) + .set_complex(true), +]; diff --git a/src/long_mode/mod.rs b/src/long_mode/mod.rs index 081d20f..c477b16 100644 --- a/src/long_mode/mod.rs +++ b/src/long_mode/mod.rs @@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ mod evex; #[cfg(feature = "fmt")] mod display; pub mod uarch; +#[cfg(feature = "behavior")] +pub mod behavior; pub use crate::MemoryAccessSize; use crate::{Address, Word}; @@ -304,6 +306,13 @@ impl RegSpec { r12b => 12, r13b => 13, r14b => 14, r15b => 15 ); + register!(CR, + cr0 => 0, cr1 => 1, cr2 => 2, cr3 => 3, + cr4 => 4, cr5 => 5, cr6 => 6, cr7 => 7, + cr8 => 8, cr9 => 9, cr10 => 10, cr11 => 11, + cr12 => 12, cr13 => 13, cr14 => 14, cr15 => 15 + ); + #[inline] pub const fn zmm0() -> RegSpec { RegSpec { bank: RegisterBank::Z, num: 0 } @@ -1088,6 +1097,7 @@ const XSAVE: [Opcode; 10] = [ /// an `x86_64` opcode. there sure are a lot of these. #[allow(non_camel_case_types)] #[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq)] +#[cfg_attr(feature = "_debug_internal_asserts", derive(strum::EnumCount))] #[non_exhaustive] #[repr(u32)] pub enum Opcode { @@ -1190,8 +1200,11 @@ pub enum Opcode { LEA, NOP, PREFETCHNTA, + /// this variant was named incorrectly and will change to `PREFETCHT0` in the future. PREFETCH0, + /// this variant was named incorrectly and will change to `PREFETCHT1` in the future. PREFETCH1, + /// this variant was named incorrectly and will change to `PREFETCHT2` in the future. PREFETCH2, // XCHG, POPF, @@ -2980,7 +2993,7 @@ impl Opcode { } /// get the [`ConditionCode`] for this instruction, if it is in fact conditional. x86's - /// conditional instructions are `Jcc`, `CMOVcc`, andd `SETcc`. + /// conditional instructions are `Jcc`, `CMOVcc`, and `SETcc`. pub fn condition(&self) -> Option<ConditionCode> { match self { Opcode::JO | diff --git a/src/long_mode/uarch.rs b/src/long_mode/uarch.rs index 9cfc9de..98c9de2 100644 --- a/src/long_mode/uarch.rs +++ b/src/long_mode/uarch.rs @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ pub mod amd { .with_avx512_vl() .with_avx512_bw() .with_avx512_cd() - .with_avx512_cd() + .with_avx512_vl() .with_avx512_vbmi() .with_avx512_vbmi2() .with_avx512_vpopcntdq() @@ -195,6 +195,16 @@ pub mod amd { zen4() .with_movdir64b() .with_enqcmd() + .with_avx512_dq() + .with_avx512_fma() + .with_avx512_bw() + .with_avx512_vnni() + .with_avx512_bitalg() + /* + * one would imagine the following as well, but there are not features yet: + * .with_avx512_vpopcntdq() + * .with_avx512_bf16() + */ } } diff --git a/test/long_mode/behavior.rs b/test/long_mode/behavior.rs new file mode 100644 index 0000000..986b5f3 --- /dev/null +++ b/test/long_mode/behavior.rs @@ -0,0 +1,2416 @@ +#[cfg(all(target_arch = "x86_64"))] +mod kvm { + use asmlinator::x86_64::{GuestAddress, Vm, VcpuExit, kvm_regs, kvm_sregs}; + + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Instruction; + use yaxpeax_x86::Exception; + + use rand::prelude::*; + + fn host_decoder() -> long_mode::InstDecoder { + // Safety: it's cpuid, everything supports leaf eax=1. + let leaf1 = unsafe { + core::arch::x86_64::__cpuid(1) + }; + match leaf1.eax { + 0x00b40f40 => { + // zen 5 (my 9950x) + long_mode::uarch::amd::zen5() + } + 0x00870f10 => { + // zen 2 (my 3950x) + long_mode::uarch::amd::zen2() + } + 0x00050657 => { + // 10980xe (according to instlatx86) + // this is actually "cascade lake" but there's no uarch for that yet + long_mode::uarch::intel::skylake() + } + _ => { + // some kind of assumed baseline, haswell-or-later is a total guess on compat. + long_mode::uarch::intel::haswell() + } + } + } + + #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)] + struct ExpectedMemAccess { + write: bool, + addr: u64, + size: u32, + } + + #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)] + struct ExpectedRegAccess { + write: bool, + reg: RegSpec, + } + + #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)] + struct UnexpectedRegChange { + reg: RegSpec, + before: u64, + after: u64, + } + + #[derive(Debug, Clone)] + struct MemPatch { + addr: u64, + bytes: Vec<u8>, + } + + #[derive(Debug)] + enum CheckErr { + ComplexOp(long_mode::behavior::ComplexOp), + } + + struct TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: bool, + used_regs: [bool; 16], + expected_reg: Vec<ExpectedRegAccess>, + expected_mem: Vec<ExpectedMemAccess>, + } + + struct AccessTestCtx<'a> { + regs: &'a mut kvm_regs, + accs: TestAccesses, + } + + impl<'a> AccessTestCtx<'a> { + fn into_expectations(self) -> (Vec<ExpectedRegAccess>, Vec<ExpectedMemAccess>) { + let TestAccesses { + expected_reg, + expected_mem, + .. + } = self.accs; + (expected_reg, expected_mem) + } + + // randomize initial test VM state as described by this AccessTestCtx; it's possible that + // after this point a `visit_accesses` pass will reset some of these registers to different + // values as they may be used for address calculations. + // + // along the way, deposit any registers this test ctx declares to be "used" as an explicit + // entry in `cares`. later testing should not permute these registers, even if they are not + // directly declared as read by any operand, implicit or explicit. + fn randomize_unused(&mut self, cares: &mut Vec<RegSpec>) { + let mut rng = rand::rng(); + + if !self.accs.used_regs[0] { + self.regs.rax = rng.next_u64(); + } else { + cares.push(RegSpec::rax()); + } + if !self.accs.used_regs[1] { + self.regs.rbx = rng.next_u64(); + } else { + cares.push(RegSpec::rbx()); + } + if !self.accs.used_regs[2] { + self.regs.rcx = rng.next_u64(); + } else { + cares.push(RegSpec::rcx()); + } + if !self.accs.used_regs[3] { + self.regs.rdx = rng.next_u64(); + } else { + cares.push(RegSpec::rdx()); + } + if !self.accs.used_regs[4] { + self.regs.rsi = rng.next_u64(); + } else { + cares.push(RegSpec::rsi()); + } + if !self.accs.used_regs[5] { + self.regs.rdi = rng.next_u64(); + } else { + cares.push(RegSpec::rdi()); + } + if !self.accs.preserve_rsp { + if !self.accs.used_regs[6] { + self.regs.rsp = rng.next_u64(); + } else { + cares.push(RegSpec::rsp()); + } + } + if !self.accs.used_regs[7] { + self.regs.rbp = rng.next_u64(); + } else { + cares.push(RegSpec::rbp()); + } + + self.regs.r8 = rng.next_u64(); + self.regs.r9 = rng.next_u64(); + self.regs.r10 = rng.next_u64(); + self.regs.r11 = rng.next_u64(); + self.regs.r12 = rng.next_u64(); + self.regs.r13 = rng.next_u64(); + self.regs.r14 = rng.next_u64(); + self.regs.r15 = rng.next_u64(); + } + } + + use yaxpeax_arch::AddressBase; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::{RegSpec, behavior::AccessVisitor}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::register_class; + + impl<'a> AccessVisitor for AccessTestCtx<'a> { + fn register_read(&mut self, reg: RegSpec) { + self.accs.expected_reg.push(ExpectedRegAccess { + write: false, + reg, + }); + } + fn register_write(&mut self, reg: RegSpec) { + self.accs.expected_reg.push(ExpectedRegAccess { + write: true, + reg, + }); + } + fn get_register(&mut self, reg: RegSpec) -> Option<u64> { + self.register_read(reg); + + let cls = reg.class(); + match cls { + register_class::B | register_class::W | register_class::D | register_class::Q => { + static KVM_REG_LUT: [usize; 16] = [ + 0, 2, 3, 1, 6, 7, 4, 5, + 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, + ]; + let kvm_reg_nr = KVM_REG_LUT[reg.num() as usize]; + + // some ridiculous circumstances require us to not permute rsp, even + // though we *would* set it to a mapped address. + let allocated = self.accs.used_regs[reg.num() as usize] || + (reg.num() == RegSpec::rsp().num() && self.accs.preserve_rsp); + + if allocated { + let value = unsafe { + (self.regs as *mut _ as *mut u64).offset(kvm_reg_nr as isize).read() + }; + Some(value) + } else { + // register value allocation is done .. carefully. + // + // see the comment on `map_test_mem` about why these numbers make any + // sense. + let value = 0x1_0000_0000 + (kvm_reg_nr as u64 + 1) * 0x0200; + unsafe { + (self.regs as *mut _ as *mut u64).offset(kvm_reg_nr as isize).write(value); + } + self.accs.used_regs[reg.num() as usize] = true; + Some(value) + } + } + other => { + panic!("unexpected VcpuExit: {:?}", other); + } + } + } + fn memory_read(&mut self, address: Option<u64>, size: u32) { + let acc = ExpectedMemAccess { + write: false, + addr: address.expect("can compute expected address"), + size, + }; + self.accs.expected_mem.push(acc); + } + fn memory_write(&mut self, address: Option<u64>, size: u32) { + let acc = ExpectedMemAccess { + write: true, + addr: address.expect("can compute expected address"), + size, + }; + self.accs.expected_mem.push(acc); + } + } + + fn dump_regs(regs: &kvm_regs) { + eprintln!("rip flags "); + eprintln!("{:016x} {:016x}", regs.rip, regs.rflags); + eprintln!("rax rcx rdx rbx"); + eprintln!("{:016x} {:016x} {:016x} {:016x}", regs.rax, regs.rcx, regs.rdx, regs.rbx); + eprintln!("rsp rbp rsi rdi"); + eprintln!("{:016x} {:016x} {:016x} {:016x}", regs.rsp, regs.rbp, regs.rsi, regs.rdi); + eprintln!("r8 r9 r10 r11"); + eprintln!("{:016x} {:016x} {:016x} {:016x}", regs.r8, regs.r9, regs.r10, regs.r11); + eprintln!("r12 r13 r14 r15"); + eprintln!("{:016x} {:016x} {:016x} {:016x}", regs.r12, regs.r13, regs.r14, regs.r15); + } + + fn run_with_mem_checks(vm: &mut Vm, expected_end: u64, mem_patches: &[MemPatch]) -> Result<(), Exception> { + for chunk in 0..=8 { + let base = TEST_MEM_BASE.0 + 0x1_0000_0000 * chunk; + vm.mem_slice_mut(GuestAddress(base), TEST_MEM_SIZE).fill(0xaa); + } + // test environments may require constants in memory at known locations (say, in support of + // an LGDT test). apply those patches now that we've initialized all extra memory. + for patch in mem_patches { + let slice = vm.mem_slice_mut(GuestAddress(patch.addr), patch.bytes.len() as u64); + slice.copy_from_slice(patch.bytes.as_slice()); + } + let mut exits = 0; + let end_pc = loop { +// eprintln!("about to run! here's some state:"); +// let regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); +// dump_regs(®s); +// let sregs = vm.get_sregs().unwrap(); +// eprintln!("sregs: {:?}", sregs); + let exit = vm.run().expect("can run vcpu"); + exits += 1; + match exit { + VcpuExit::MmioRead { .. } | + VcpuExit::MmioWrite { .. } => { + panic!("shoud not be mmio accesses anymore"); + } + VcpuExit::Debug { pc, info: _ } => { + break pc; + } + VcpuExit::Exception { nr } => { + return Err(Exception::vector(nr)); + } + VcpuExit::Hlt => { + let regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + break regs.rip; + } + other => { + eprintln!("unhandled exit: {:?} ... after {}", other, exits); + let regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + eprintln!("regs: {:?}", regs); +// let sregs = vm.get_sregs().unwrap(); +// eprintln!("sregs: {:?}", sregs); + panic!("stop"); + } + } + }; + + if end_pc != expected_end - 1 && end_pc != expected_end { + panic!("single-step ended at {:08x}, expected {:08x}", end_pc, expected_end); + } + + /* + if !unexpected_mem.is_empty() { + eprintln!("memory access surprise!"); + if expected_mem.is_empty() { + eprintln!("expected none"); + } else { + eprintln!("expected:"); + for acc in expected_mem.iter() { + let rw = if acc.write { "write:" } else { " read:" }; + eprintln!(" {} {} bytes at {:08x}", rw, acc.size, acc.addr); + } + } + eprintln!("unexpected:"); + for (write, addr, size) in unexpected_mem { + let rw = if write { "write:" } else { " read:" }; + eprintln!(" {} {} bytes at {:08x}", rw, size, addr); + } + panic!("stop"); + } + */ + return Ok(()); + } + + fn check_contains(larger: RegSpec, smaller: RegSpec) -> bool { + if larger == smaller { + return true; + } else if larger.class() == smaller.class() { + // no registers in the same class alias + return false; + } else { + match (larger.class(), smaller.class()) { + (register_class::Q, register_class::Q) | + (register_class::Q, register_class::D) | + (register_class::Q, register_class::W) | + (register_class::Q, register_class::RB) | + (register_class::D, register_class::D) | + (register_class::D, register_class::W) | + (register_class::D, register_class::RB) | + (register_class::W, register_class::W) | + (register_class::W, register_class::RB) | + (register_class::RB, register_class::RB) => { + larger.num() == smaller.num() + } + (register_class::Q, register_class::B) | + (register_class::D, register_class::B) | + (register_class::W, register_class::B) => { + // top bit selects high/low half of *x registers, so mask it and compare + smaller.num() & 0b11 == larger.num() + } + (register_class::RFLAGS, _) | + (_, register_class::RFLAGS) => { + false + } + (register_class::RIP, _) | + (_, register_class::RIP) => { + false + } + (register_class::S, _) | + (_, register_class::S) => { + false + } + (l, s) => { + panic!("unhandled register-contains test: {:?}/{:?}", l, s); + } + } + } + } + fn reg_mask(reg: RegSpec) -> u64 { + match reg.class() { + register_class::B => { + // non-rex byte regs are al, cl, dl, bl, ah, ch, dh, bh + let mask = if reg.num() < 4 { + 0xff + } else { + 0xff00 + }; + mask + }, + // but rex byte regs are all low-byte + register_class::RB => 0xff, + register_class::W => 0xffff, + // x86_64 zero-extends 32-bit writes to 64-bit, so writes to "32-bit" registers still + // are fully-clobbers. + register_class::D => 0xffffffff_ffffffff, + register_class::Q => 0xffffffff_ffffffff, + register_class::RFLAGS => 0xffffffff_ffffffff, + register_class::S => 0xffff, + other => { + panic!("unhandled register class: {:?}", other); + } + } + } + + fn verify_seg( + unexpected_regs: &mut Vec<UnexpectedRegChange>, expected_regs: &[ExpectedRegAccess], + changed_reg: RegSpec, before: u16, after: u16, + ) { + verify_reg(unexpected_regs, expected_regs, changed_reg, before as u64, after as u64) + } + + fn verify_reg( + unexpected_regs: &mut Vec<UnexpectedRegChange>, expected_regs: &[ExpectedRegAccess], + changed_reg: RegSpec, before: u64, after: u64, + ) { + // the same GPR may appear by different names in `expected_regs`, like as in `xchg ah, al`. + // so, compute a diff here and poke out bits as the diff can be accounted for. + let mut diff = before ^ after; + if diff != 0 { + // could be a write. full write? maybe! + for e in expected_regs.iter() { + if !e.write { + continue; + } + + if !check_contains(changed_reg, e.reg) { + continue; + } + + diff &= !reg_mask(e.reg); + } + + if diff != 0 { + unexpected_regs.push(UnexpectedRegChange { + reg: changed_reg, + before, + after, + }); + } + } + } + + fn verify_dontcares(written_regs: &[RegSpec], initial_after_regs: &kvm_regs, now_after_regs: &kvm_regs) { + let mut bad = false; + + for reg in written_regs.iter() { + assert_eq!(reg.class(), register_class::Q); + + static KVM_REG_LUT: [usize; 16] = [ + 0, 2, 3, 1, 6, 7, 4, 5, + 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, + ]; + let kvm_reg_nr = KVM_REG_LUT[reg.num() as usize]; + + let initial_after = unsafe { + (initial_after_regs as *const _ as *const u64).offset(kvm_reg_nr as isize).read() + }; + + let now_after = unsafe { + (now_after_regs as *const _ as *const u64).offset(kvm_reg_nr as isize).read() + }; + + if initial_after != now_after { + #[cfg(feature = "fmt")] + eprintln!("register {} changed after permuting dontcares: {:016x} => {:016x}", + reg, initial_after, now_after); + bad = true; + } + } + + if bad { +// eprintln!("before:"); +// dump_regs(&before_regs); + eprintln!("after:"); + dump_regs(&now_after_regs); + eprintln!("initial_after:"); + dump_regs(&initial_after_regs); + panic!("cared about dontcares"); + } + } + + fn compute_dontcares(vm: &Vm, accesses: &[ExpectedRegAccess]) -> Vec<RegSpec> { + // use a bitmap for dontcares, mask out bits as registers are seen to be read. + let mut reg_bitmap: u32 = 0xffffffff; + + fn reg_to_gpr(reg: RegSpec) -> Option<u8> { + match reg.class() { + register_class::Q | + register_class::D | + register_class::W | + register_class::RB => { + Some(reg.num()) + } + register_class::B => { + Some(reg.num() & 0b11) + } + _ => { + None + } + } + } + + if vm.idt_configured() { + reg_bitmap &= !(1 << (RegSpec::rsp().num())); + } + + for acc in accesses.iter() { + if acc.write && acc.reg.class().width() >= 4 { + // TODO: if a write goes to a subset of a GPR, the dontcare part is *only* the + // written part. currently dontcares are reported as the full width, so + // subsequent steps permute the non-written part and trip over it in + // verify_dontcares. + // + // for now, only dontcare if the written register would be a full write (4 + // bytes, zero-extended to 8, or actually a write to all 8 bytes). + continue; + } + + if let Some(gpr_num) = reg_to_gpr(acc.reg) { + reg_bitmap &= !(1 << gpr_num); + } + } + + let mut regs = Vec::new(); + + for i in 0..16 { + if reg_bitmap & (1 << i) != 0 { + regs.push(RegSpec::q(i)); + } + } + + regs + } + + fn compute_writes(accesses: &[ExpectedRegAccess]) -> Vec<RegSpec> { + // same as dontcares, isk + let mut reg_bitmap: u32 = 0x00000000; + + fn reg_to_gpr(reg: RegSpec) -> Option<u8> { + match reg.class() { + register_class::Q | + register_class::D | + register_class::W | + register_class::RB => { + Some(reg.num()) + } + register_class::B => { + Some(reg.num() & 0b11) + } + _ => { + None + } + } + } + + for acc in accesses.iter() { + if !acc.write { + continue; + } + + if let Some(gpr_num) = reg_to_gpr(acc.reg) { + reg_bitmap |= 1 << gpr_num; + } + } + + let mut regs = Vec::new(); + + for i in 0..16 { + if reg_bitmap & (1 << i) != 0 { + regs.push(RegSpec::q(i)); + } + } + + regs + } + + fn permute_dontcares(dontcare_regs: &[RegSpec], regs: &mut kvm_regs) { + let mut rng = rand::rng(); + + for reg in dontcare_regs { + assert_eq!(reg.class(), register_class::Q); + + static KVM_REG_LUT: [usize; 16] = [ + 0, 2, 3, 1, 6, 7, 4, 5, + 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, + ]; + let kvm_reg_nr = KVM_REG_LUT[reg.num() as usize]; + let rand = rng.next_u64(); + unsafe { + (regs as *mut _ as *mut u64).offset(kvm_reg_nr as isize).write(rand); + } + } + } + + // TODO: this needs some rethinking. see commented-out caller. + #[allow(dead_code)] + fn permute_memread(expected_mem: &[ExpectedMemAccess], vm: &mut Vm) { + for acc in expected_mem.iter() { + if acc.write { + continue; + } + + let mut buf = vec![0; acc.size as usize]; + let mut rng = rand::rng(); + rng.fill(&mut buf); + + if acc.addr >= 0x1_0000_0000 { + vm.write_mem(GuestAddress(acc.addr), buf.as_slice()); + } else { + // check we're not going to "permute" page tables or something. + // instruction text might get clobbered, which would be Weird, but.. + assert!(acc.addr > vm.page_table_addr().0 + 2 * 0x1000); + vm.write_mem(GuestAddress(acc.addr), buf.as_slice()); + } + } + } + + fn verify_mem_changes( + expected_mem: &[ExpectedMemAccess], + vm: &mut Vm, + ) { + // test the expected writes by process of elimination: reset any expected-to-be-written + // areas to the initial pattern. then, anything in test memory that is not the default + // pattern must have been an unexpected write. + for acc in expected_mem { + if !acc.write { + continue; + } + + let slice = vm.mem_slice_mut(GuestAddress(acc.addr), acc.size as u64); + slice.fill(0xaa); + } + + struct MemoryDiff { + addr: GuestAddress, + bytes: Vec<u8>, + } + + use std::fmt; + + impl fmt::Display for MemoryDiff { + fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result { + write!(f, "diff at 0x{:08x}: ", self.addr.0)?; + for b in self.bytes.iter() { + write!(f, "{:02x}", b)?; + } + Ok(()) + } + } + + let mut unexpected_acc = Vec::new(); + let mut current_diff: Option<MemoryDiff> = None; + + for mem_hunk in 0..=8 { + let base = GuestAddress(TEST_MEM_BASE.0 * (mem_hunk + 1)); + let test_mem = vm.mem_slice(base, TEST_MEM_SIZE); + for i in 0..test_mem.len() { + if test_mem[i] != 0xaa { + if let Some(mut diff) = current_diff.take() { + const CHUNK_SIZE: u64 = 128 * 1024; + + let prev_diff_start = diff.addr.0 % CHUNK_SIZE; + let prev_diff_tail = prev_diff_start + diff.bytes.len() as u64; + let continuation = i as u64 == prev_diff_tail + 1; + if continuation { + diff.bytes.push(test_mem[i]); + } else { + unexpected_acc.push(diff); + + let guest_addr = (mem_hunk + 1) * 0x1_0000_0000 + i as u64; + current_diff = Some(MemoryDiff { + addr: GuestAddress(guest_addr as u64), + bytes: vec![test_mem[i]], + }); + } + } else { + let guest_addr = (mem_hunk + 1) * 0x1_0000_0000 + i as u64; + current_diff = Some(MemoryDiff { + addr: GuestAddress(guest_addr as u64), + bytes: vec![test_mem[i]], + }); + } + } + } + + if let Some(diff) = current_diff.take() { + unexpected_acc.push(diff); + } + } + + if !unexpected_acc.is_empty() { + for diff in unexpected_acc { + eprintln!("{}", diff); + } + let regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + dump_regs(®s); + panic!("unexpected memory accesses!"); + } + } + + fn verify_reg_changes( + expected_regs: &[ExpectedRegAccess], + before_regs: &kvm_regs, after_regs: &kvm_regs, + before_sregs: &kvm_sregs, after_sregs: &kvm_sregs + ) { + let mut unexpected_regs = Vec::new(); + + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::rax(), before_regs.rax, after_regs.rax); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::rcx(), before_regs.rcx, after_regs.rcx); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::rdx(), before_regs.rdx, after_regs.rdx); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::rbx(), before_regs.rbx, after_regs.rbx); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::rsp(), before_regs.rsp, after_regs.rsp); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::rbp(), before_regs.rbp, after_regs.rbp); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::rsi(), before_regs.rsi, after_regs.rsi); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::rdi(), before_regs.rdi, after_regs.rdi); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::r8(), before_regs.r8, after_regs.r8); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::r9(), before_regs.r9, after_regs.r9); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::r10(), before_regs.r10, after_regs.r10); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::r11(), before_regs.r11, after_regs.r11); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::r12(), before_regs.r12, after_regs.r12); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::r13(), before_regs.r13, after_regs.r13); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::r14(), before_regs.r14, after_regs.r14); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::r15(), before_regs.r15, after_regs.r15); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::rflags(), before_regs.rflags, after_regs.rflags); + + verify_seg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::cs(), before_sregs.cs.selector, after_sregs.cs.selector); + verify_seg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::ds(), before_sregs.ds.selector, after_sregs.ds.selector); + verify_seg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::es(), before_sregs.es.selector, after_sregs.es.selector); + verify_seg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::fs(), before_sregs.fs.selector, after_sregs.fs.selector); + verify_seg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::gs(), before_sregs.gs.selector, after_sregs.gs.selector); + verify_seg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::ss(), before_sregs.ss.selector, after_sregs.ss.selector); + + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::cr0(), before_sregs.cr0, after_sregs.cr0); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::cr2(), before_sregs.cr2, after_sregs.cr2); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::cr3(), before_sregs.cr3, after_sregs.cr3); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::cr4(), before_sregs.cr4, after_sregs.cr4); + verify_reg(&mut unexpected_regs, &expected_regs, RegSpec::cr8(), before_sregs.cr8, after_sregs.cr8); + + if !unexpected_regs.is_empty() { + eprintln!("unexpected reg changes:"); + for change in unexpected_regs { + #[cfg(feature = "fmt")] + eprintln!(" {}: {:08x} -> {:08x}", change.reg.name(), change.before, change.after); + } + panic!("stop"); + } + } + + // check the side effects of the instruction that `regs.rip` points to. the side effects are + // enumerated across `expected_reg` and `expected_mem`. if this instruction instead raises an + // exception, return that instead. + // + // TODO: it's possible that this instruction permuts either the instruction bytes or vCPU + // control structures (GDT, IDT, or page tables). these could be made read-only, but then we'd + // need to verify that these structures are not modified via Weird Different Mapping or + // whatever. such a mapping shouldn't exist anyway. but making these read-only also implies + // moving the stack elsewhere, and the stack would have to be zeroed to not introduce Weirdness + // across permutations too. + fn check_side_effects( + vm: &mut Vm, regs: &kvm_regs, sregs: &kvm_sregs, + mem_patches: &[MemPatch], + expected_end: u64, expected_reg: &[ExpectedRegAccess], expected_mem: &[ExpectedMemAccess] + ) -> Result<(kvm_regs, kvm_sregs), Exception> { + run_with_mem_checks(vm, expected_end, mem_patches)?; + + let after_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + let after_sregs = vm.get_sregs().unwrap(); + + verify_reg_changes(&expected_reg, ®s, &after_regs, &sregs, &after_sregs); + verify_mem_changes(&expected_mem, vm); + + Ok((after_regs, after_sregs)) + } + + // run the VM a few times permuting the "dontcare" registers each time and checking that we + // really did not care about them. "4" steps is of course arbitrary, but makes for some kind of + // confidence about flag registers in particular, probably. + fn test_dontcares( + vm: &mut Vm, regs: &mut kvm_regs, sregs: &kvm_sregs, + mem_patches: &[MemPatch], + expected_end: u64, expected_reg: &[ExpectedRegAccess], expected_mem: &[ExpectedMemAccess], + dontcare_regs: &[RegSpec], written_regs: &[RegSpec], + first_after_regs: &kvm_regs, _first_after_sregs: &kvm_sregs + ) -> Result<(), Exception> { + for _ in 0..4 { + permute_dontcares(dontcare_regs, regs); + // TODO: really need to permute memory dont-care here, rather than reads. it'd probably + // be sufficient to pick any other default pattern than 0xaa and pass that selected + // pattern to verify..? + // permute_memread(expected_mem, vm); + + vm.set_regs(®s).unwrap(); + + let (after_regs, _after_sregs) = check_side_effects( + vm, ®s, &sregs, + mem_patches, + expected_end, expected_reg, expected_mem + )?; + + verify_dontcares(written_regs, &first_after_regs, &after_regs); + } + + Ok(()) + } + + fn check_behavior(vm: &mut Vm, inst: &[u8]) -> Result<(), CheckErr> { + check_behavior_with_regs(vm, inst, None, &[]) + } + + // reg_preserves: [bool; 16] + + // `reg_preserves` declares a set of registers, numbered by their *Linux KVM API number*, as in + // the position in `kvm_regs`, that must be preserved by the test. + fn check_behavior_with_regs(vm: &mut Vm, inst: &[u8], expect_accs: Option<TestAccesses>, mem_patches: &[MemPatch]) -> Result<(), CheckErr> { + let decoded = yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::InstDecoder::default() + .decode_slice(inst).expect("can decode"); + + let mut printed = false; + eprint!("checking behavior of "); + for b in inst.iter() { + if printed { + eprint!(" "); + } + eprint!("{:02x}", b); + printed = true; + } + #[cfg(feature = "fmt")] + eprint!(": {}", decoded); + eprint!("\n"); + + let mut insts = inst.to_vec(); + // cap things off with a `hlt` to work around single-step sometimes .. not? see comment on + // set_single_step. this ensures that even if single-stepping doesn't do the needful, the + // next address _will_ get the vCPU back out to us. + // + // this obviously doesn't work if code is overwritten (so really [TODO] the first page + // should be made non-writable), and doesn't work if the one executed instruction is a + // call, jump, etc. in those cases the instruction doesn't rmw memory .. .except for + // call/ret, where the `rsp` access might. so we might have to just have to skip them? + // + // alternatively, probably should set up the IDT such that there's a handler for the + // exception raised by `TF` that just executes hlt. then everything other than popf will + // work out of the box and popf can be caught by kvm single-stepping. + insts.push(0xf4); + use yaxpeax_arch::LengthedInstruction; + assert_eq!(insts.len(), 0.wrapping_offset(decoded.len()) as usize + 1); + + let behavior = decoded.behavior(); + + // TODO: this does an infinite loop when run?? + if decoded.opcode() == long_mode::Opcode::FLDCW { + return Ok(()); + } + + let sregs = vm.get_sregs().unwrap(); + let mut regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + // vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + vm.program(insts.as_slice(), &mut regs); + + // a set of registers whose values we are directed to care about. these are subtracted from + // dontcares, later. + let mut cares = Vec::new(); + + let ctx = match expect_accs { + Some(mut accs) => { + accs.preserve_rsp = vm.idt_configured(); + let mut ctx = AccessTestCtx { + regs: &mut regs, + accs, + }; + ctx.randomize_unused(&mut cares); + ctx + } + None => { + let accs = TestAccesses { + // if an interrupt handler is initialized with rsp pointing to addresses that cause + // MMIO exits the vcpu ends up in a loop doing nothing particularly interesting + // (seemingly in a loop trying to raise #UD after resetting?). this is a Linux issue + // i'm not tracking down right now. instead, if the IDT is initialized then keep the + // rsp pointed somewhere "normal" so that exceptions still work right. + // + // to reproduce this issue, set this to `false` unconditionally, then run + // `kvm_verify_popmem`. it will infinite loop in the kernel and you'll see + // x86_decode_emulated_instruction failing over and over and over and ... + preserve_rsp: vm.idt_configured(), + used_regs: [false; 16], + expected_reg: Vec::new(), + expected_mem: Vec::new(), + }; + let mut ctx = AccessTestCtx { + regs: &mut regs, + accs, + }; + ctx.randomize_unused(&mut cares); + behavior.visit_accesses(&mut ctx).map_err(|e| CheckErr::ComplexOp(e))?; + + ctx + } + }; + + let (expected_reg, mut expected_mem) = ctx.into_expectations(); + for patch in mem_patches.iter() { + expected_mem.push(ExpectedMemAccess { + addr: patch.addr, + size: patch.bytes.len() as u32, + write: true, + }); + } + + let mut dontcare_regs = compute_dontcares(&vm, &expected_reg); + dontcare_regs.retain(|reg| { + !cares.iter().any(|care| check_contains(*care, *reg)) + }); + let written_regs = compute_writes(&expected_reg); + + permute_dontcares(dontcare_regs.as_slice(), &mut regs); + + eprintln!("setting regs to: {:?}", regs); + vm.set_regs(®s).unwrap(); + + let expected_end = regs.rip + insts.len() as u64; + + let (after_regs, after_sregs) = match check_side_effects( + vm, ®s, &sregs, + mem_patches, + expected_end, &expected_reg, &expected_mem + ) { + Ok((a, b)) => (a, b), + Err(other) => { + let vm_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + let vm_sregs = vm.get_sregs().unwrap(); + let mut prev_rip = [0u8; 8]; + vm.read_mem(GuestAddress(vm_regs.rsp + 8), &mut prev_rip[..]); + let mut buf = [0u8; 8]; + vm.read_mem(GuestAddress(vm_regs.rsp), &mut buf[..]); + if other == Exception::PF { + eprintln!( + "error code: {:#08x} accessing {:016x} @ rip={:#016x} (cr3={:016x})", + u64::from_le_bytes(buf), vm_sregs.cr2, + u64::from_le_bytes(prev_rip), vm_sregs.cr3 + ); + let mut pdpt = [0u8; 4096]; + vm.read_mem(vm.page_tables().pdpt_addr(), &mut pdpt[..]); + eprintln!("pdpt: {:x?}", &pdpt[..8]); + } else if other == Exception::GP { + if decoded.opcode() == long_mode::Opcode::MOV { + // TODO: should be in the exception list + if let long_mode::Operand::Register { reg } = decoded.operand(0) { + if reg.class() == long_mode::register_class::S { + // mov to segment selector can #GP if the selector is invalid: + // > If the DS, ES, FS, or GS register is being loaded and the + // > segment pointed to is not a data or readable code segment. + return Ok(()); + } + } + } + } + dump_regs(&vm_regs); + #[cfg(feature = "fmt")] + { + panic!("TODO: handle exceptions ({:?})", other); + } + #[cfg(not(feature = "fmt"))] + { + let _ = other; + panic!("TODO: handle exceptions"); + } + } + }; + + let res = test_dontcares( + vm, &mut regs, &sregs, + mem_patches, + expected_end, expected_reg.as_slice(), expected_mem.as_slice(), + dontcare_regs.as_slice(), written_regs.as_slice(), + &after_regs, &after_sregs + ); + + match res { + Ok(()) => { + return Ok(()); + } + Err(Exception::PF) => { + // TODO: probably should handle `#PF` more precisely? + return Ok(()); + } + Err(other) => { + #[cfg(feature = "fmt")] + { + panic!("TODO: handle exceptions ({:?})", other); + } + #[cfg(not(feature = "fmt"))] + { + let _ = other; + panic!("TODO: handle exceptions"); + } + } + } + } + + const TEST_MEM_BASE: GuestAddress = GuestAddress(0x1_0000_0000); + const TEST_MEM_SIZE: u64 = 128 * 1024; + + // we need to keep accesses from falling into mapped-but-not-backed regions + // of guest memory, so we don't get MMIO exits (which would just test + // Linux's x86 emulation). control structures are at in the low 1G (really 1M) + // of memory, which memory references under test should not touch. + // + // we'll limit displacements to 511 (arbitrary), which means that 512-byte + // increments of 1..16 can distinguish registers. given SIB addressing the + // highest address that can be formed is something like... + // + // > (1G + 15 * 512) + (1G + 16 * 512) * 8 + 512 + // + // or just under 9G + 16k. that access *could* be a wide AVX-512 situation, + // so the highest byte addressed can be a few bytes later. + // + // this can be read as "the first 32k at each 1G may be accessed", but only + // GB boundaries at 1, 2, 3, 5, and 9 can be accessed in this way (non-SIB, + // then SIB with scale = 1, 2, 4, 8). + // + // while memory is Yikes Expensive, setting up 128k at each 1G offset that might be + // accessed is only 1M 128K, so that's what we'll do here. + fn map_test_mem(vm: &mut asmlinator::x86_64::Vm) { + let mut base = TEST_MEM_BASE.0; + for _ in 0..=8 { + vm.add_memory(GuestAddress(base), TEST_MEM_SIZE).expect("can add test mem region"); + base += 0x1_0000_0000; + } + } + + fn create_test_vm() -> asmlinator::x86_64::Vm { + let mut vm = Vm::create(1024 * 1024).expect("can create vm"); + + map_test_mem(&mut vm); + unsafe { + vm.configure_identity_paging(None); + } + + vm + } + + #[test] + fn kvm_verify_xor_reg_mem() { + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + + // `xor rax, [rcx]`. this works. great! + let inst: &'static [u8] = &[0x33, 0x01]; + check_behavior(&mut vm, inst).expect("behavior check is ok"); + + // `xor al, [rcx]`. also works. cool! + let inst: &'static [u8] = &[0x32, 0x01]; + check_behavior(&mut vm, inst).expect("behavior check is ok"); + + // `xor [rcx], al`. this runs until the VM starts executing in MMIO space and + // VcpuExit::Shutdown. what. + let inst: &'static [u8] = &[0x30, 0x01]; + check_behavior(&mut vm, inst).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + + #[test] + fn kvm_verify_inc() { + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + + // `inc eax` + let inst: &'static [u8] = &[0xff, 0xc0]; + check_behavior(&mut vm, inst).expect("behavior check is ok"); + + // `inc dword [rax]` + let inst: &'static [u8] = &[0xff, 0x00]; + check_behavior(&mut vm, inst).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + + #[test] + fn kvm_verify_push() { + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + + // `push rax` + let inst: &'static [u8] = &[0x50]; + check_behavior(&mut vm, inst).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + + #[test] + fn kvm_verify_popmem() { + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + + // `pop [rax]` + let inst: &'static [u8] = &[0x8f, 0x00]; + check_behavior(&mut vm, &inst[0..2]).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + + #[test] + fn kvm_verify_ret() { + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + + // `ret` + let inst: &'static [u8] = &[0xc3]; + // TODO: set up ret test to return to some other address. check_behavior() doesn't tolerate + // this (yet). + vm.write_mem(vm.stack_addr(), &0xff001u64.to_le_bytes()); + check_behavior(&mut vm, inst).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + + /* + * TODO: this doesn't fit in the test framework really: `ins` will cause an I/O exit, which + * immediately fails the test. + #[test] + fn kvm_verify_ins() { + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + + // `ins byte [rdi], dl` + let inst: &'static [u8] = &[0x6c]; + check_behavior(&mut vm, inst).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + */ + + #[test] + fn behavior_verify_kvm() { + use yaxpeax_arch::{Decoder, U8Reader}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Instruction; + + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + let decoder = host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + let initial_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + + for word in 0..u16::MAX { + let inst = word.to_le_bytes(); + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&inst); + if decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok() { + if [Opcode::FLDENV, Opcode::FNSTENV, Opcode::FRSTOR, Opcode::FNSAVE, Opcode::FNSTCW, Opcode::FNSTSW].contains(&buf.opcode()) { + // this needs a more targeted test + continue; + } + + if [Opcode::INS, Opcode::MOVS, Opcode::OUTS, Opcode::LODS, Opcode::STOS, Opcode::CMPS, Opcode::SCAS].contains(&buf.opcode()) { + if buf.prefixes.rep_any() { + // `repnz cmps` will carry on for however long memory allows, + // `rep movs` runs `rcx`-many times, etc + continue; + } + } + + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::RSM { + // SMM is kinda not our problem for now.. + continue; + } + + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::GETSEC { + // oh dear + continue; + } + + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::RDPID { + // rdpid is a specialized rdmsr + continue; + } + + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::RDTSC { + // the TSC keeps ticking so eax will change across runs and trip the + // "cared about dontcares" check. + continue; + } + + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::RDPMC { + // reading a bogus PMC will just #GP so this needs a more specific test. + continue; + } + + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::DIV || buf.opcode() == Opcode::IDIV { + // if the operand is in memory we're not currently permuting memory, so it + // might be zero and just #DE. + continue; + } + + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::WRMSR || buf.opcode() == Opcode::RDMSR { + // TODO: ... okay come on. + continue; + } + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::RETURN { + // hard to handle generically here; see `verify_ret`. + continue; + } + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::LEAVE { + // TODO: trying to generically handle leave typically gets #SS from popping a + // non-canonical address. needs more specific test. + continue; + } + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::JMPF || buf.opcode() == Opcode::RETF || buf.opcode() == Opcode::CALLF { + // TODO: trying to is harder. needs more specific test. + continue; + } + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::INT { + // TODO: int is complex, but check_behavior() does not tolerate those yet + continue; + } + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::JMP || buf.opcode() == Opcode::CALL { + // TODO: needs more specific testing + continue; + } + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::JRCXZ || buf.opcode() == Opcode::LOOP || buf.opcode() == Opcode::LOOPZ || buf.opcode() == Opcode::LOOPNZ { + // TODO: also complex + continue; + } + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::IRET || buf.opcode() == Opcode::IRETD || buf.opcode() == Opcode::IRETQ { + // TODO: oh dear + continue; + } + if [Opcode::JO, Opcode::JNO, Opcode::JB, Opcode::JNB, Opcode::JZ, Opcode::JNZ, Opcode::JA, Opcode::JNA, Opcode::JS, Opcode::JNS, Opcode::JP, Opcode::JNP, Opcode::JL, Opcode::JGE, Opcode::JLE, Opcode::JG].contains(&buf.opcode()) { + // TODO: jmp-related tests that tolerate rip changing. + continue; + } + if [Opcode::SYSCALL, Opcode::SYSRET, Opcode::SYSENTER, Opcode::SYSEXIT].contains(&buf.opcode()) { + // TODO: syscall tests + continue; + } + + if undef::OPCODES.contains(&buf.opcode()) { + // TODO: ud tests, etc + continue; + } + + if buf.opcode() == Opcode::CLTS { + // what happens here, access 0xff000? + continue; + } + // some instructions may just be one byte, so figure out the length and only check + // that many bytes of instructions for specific behavior.. + use yaxpeax_arch::LengthedInstruction; + let inst_len = 0.wrapping_offset(buf.len()) as usize; + if inst_len == 1 { + #[cfg(feature = "fmt")] + eprintln!("checking behavior of {:02x}: {}", inst[0], buf); + } else { + #[cfg(feature = "fmt")] + eprintln!("checking behavior of {:02x} {:02x}: {}", inst[0], inst[1], buf); + } + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + // mov es, word [rax] + // does an inf loop too...? + if [Opcode::INS, Opcode::OUTS, Opcode::IN, Opcode::OUT].contains(&buf.opcode()) { + #[cfg(feature = "fmt")] + eprintln!("skipping {}", buf.opcode()); + continue; + } + vm.set_regs(&initial_regs).unwrap(); + check_behavior(&mut vm, &inst[..inst_len]).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + } + } + + #[test] + fn behavior_verify_kvm_0f_() { + use yaxpeax_arch::{Decoder, U8Reader}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Instruction; + + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + let decoder = host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + let initial_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + + for opc in 0xf0..=u8::MAX { + for bits in 0..=0x7f { + let mut instlen = 0; + let suffix = bits & 3; + let prefix = (bits >> 2) & 3; + let imm = (bits >> 4) & 3; + let opers = (bits >> 6) & 1; + + let mut bytes = [0; 6]; // 0x66, 0x0f, inst[0], inst[1]]; + + match prefix { + 0b00 => { }, + 0b01 => { + bytes[instlen] = 0x66; + instlen += 1; + } + 0b10 => { + bytes[instlen] = 0xf2; + instlen += 1; + } + 0b11 => { + bytes[instlen] = 0xf3; + instlen += 1; + } + _ => {} + } + + bytes[instlen] = 0x0f; + instlen += 1; + + match suffix { + 0b00 => { }, + 0b01 => { + bytes[instlen] = 0x38; + instlen += 1; + } + 0b10 => { + bytes[instlen] = 0x3a; + instlen += 1; + } + _ => {} + } + + bytes[instlen] = opc; + bytes[instlen + 1] = if opers == 0 { + 0x01 + } else { + 0xc1 + }; + instlen += 2; + + match imm { + 0b00 => { }, + 0b01 => { + bytes[instlen] = 0x00; + instlen += 1; + }, + 0b10 => { + bytes[instlen] = 0x01; + instlen += 1; + }, + _ => { + bytes[instlen] = 0xff; + instlen += 1; + }, + } + + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&bytes); + if decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok() { + // two byte instructions were covered by `verify_kvm`, novel instructions are three + // bytes (or longer..?) + use yaxpeax_arch::LengthedInstruction; + let decoded_len = 0.wrapping_offset(buf.len()) as usize; + if decoded_len != instlen { + continue; + } + + if not_generic(&buf) { + continue; + } + + vm.set_regs(&initial_regs).unwrap(); + check_behavior(&mut vm, &bytes[..instlen]).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + } + } + } + + #[test] + fn behavior_verify_kvm_avx() { + use yaxpeax_arch::{Decoder, U8Reader}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Instruction; + + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + let decoder = host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + let initial_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + + for opc in 0xf0..=255 { + for prefix in [0x00, 0x66, 0xf2, 0xf3] { + for map in 0..3 { + for operands in [0x01, 0xc1] { + let mut len = 0; + let mut bytes = [0; 8]; + + if prefix != 0x00 { + bytes[len] = prefix; + len += 1; + } + + bytes[len] = 0x0f; + len += 1; + + if map == 1 { + bytes[len] = 0x38; + len += 1; + } else if map == 2 { + bytes[len] = 0x3a; + len += 1; + } + + bytes[len] = opc; + len += 1; + + bytes[len] = operands; + len += 1; + + let bytes = &bytes[..len]; + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&bytes); + if decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok() { + use yaxpeax_arch::LengthedInstruction; + let inst_len = 0.wrapping_offset(buf.len()) as usize; + if inst_len != bytes.len() { + continue; + } + + if not_generic(&buf) { + continue; + } + + vm.set_regs(&initial_regs).unwrap(); + check_behavior(&mut vm, &bytes).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + #[test] + fn behavior_verify_kvm_avx_imm8() { + use yaxpeax_arch::{Decoder, U8Reader}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Instruction; + + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + let decoder = host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + let initial_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + + for opc in 0x10..=255 { + for prefix in [0x00, 0x66, 0xf2, 0xf3] { + for map in 0..3 { + for imm in [0u8, 1u8, 2u8, 4u8, 8u8, 16u8, 32u8, 64u8, 128u8, 255u8] { + for operands in [0x01, 0xc1] { + let mut len = 0; + let mut bytes = [0; 8]; + + if prefix != 0x00 { + bytes[len] = prefix; + len += 1; + } + + bytes[len] = 0x0f; + len += 1; + + if map == 1 { + bytes[len] = 0x38; + len += 1; + } else if map == 2 { + bytes[len] = 0x3a; + len += 1; + } + + bytes[len] = opc; + len += 1; + + bytes[len] = operands; + len += 1; + + bytes[len] = imm; + len += 1; + + let bytes = &bytes[..len]; + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&bytes); + if decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok() { + use yaxpeax_arch::LengthedInstruction; + let inst_len = 0.wrapping_offset(buf.len()) as usize; + if inst_len != bytes.len() { + continue; + } + + if not_generic(&buf) { + continue; + } + + vm.set_regs(&initial_regs).unwrap(); + check_behavior(&mut vm, &bytes).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + + #[test] + fn behavior_verify_kvm_vex() { + use yaxpeax_arch::{Decoder, U8Reader}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Instruction; + + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + let decoder = host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + let initial_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + + #[allow(non_snake_case)] + for opcode in 0x00..=u8::MAX { + for prefix_bits in 0x00..0x400u16 { + let mmmmm = prefix_bits & 0b11111; + let prefix_1 = (0xe0 | mmmmm) as u8; + + let pp = (prefix_bits >> 5) & 0b11; + let W = (prefix_bits >> 7) & 1; + let L = (prefix_bits >> 8) & 1; + let prefix_2 = (0x78 | (W << 7) | (L << 2) | pp) as u8; + + let operands = (prefix_bits >> 9) & 0b1; + static OPC_BYTE_TABLE: [u8; 2] = [0xc1, 0x01]; + + let bytes: [u8; 5] = [0xc4, prefix_1, prefix_2, opcode, OPC_BYTE_TABLE[operands as usize]]; + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&bytes); + if decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok() { + // two byte instructions were covered by `verify_kvm`, novel instructions are three + // bytes (or longer..?) + use yaxpeax_arch::LengthedInstruction; + let inst_len = 0.wrapping_offset(buf.len()) as usize; + if inst_len != bytes.len() { + continue; + } + + if not_generic(&buf) { + continue; + } + + vm.set_regs(&initial_regs).unwrap(); + let res = check_behavior(&mut vm, &bytes[..inst_len]); + match res { + Ok(()) => {} + Err(CheckErr::ComplexOp(op)) => { + // uncheckable but not a failure + eprintln!("cannot check {:?}", op); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + #[test] + fn behavior_verify_kvm_vex_imm8() { + use yaxpeax_arch::{Decoder, U8Reader}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Instruction; + + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + let decoder = host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + let initial_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + + #[allow(non_snake_case)] + for opcode in 0xc2..=u8::MAX { + for prefix_bits in 0x00..0x400u16 { + for imm in [0u8, 1u8, 2u8, 4u8, 8u8, 16u8, 32u8, 64u8, 128u8, 255u8] { + let mmmmm = prefix_bits & 0b11111; + let prefix_1 = (0xe0 | mmmmm) as u8; + + let pp = (prefix_bits >> 5) & 0b11; + let W = (prefix_bits >> 7) & 1; + let L = (prefix_bits >> 8) & 1; + let prefix_2 = (0x78 | (W << 7) | (L << 2) | pp) as u8; + + let operands = (prefix_bits >> 9) & 0b1; + static OPC_BYTE_TABLE: [u8; 2] = [0xc1, 0x01]; + + let bytes: [u8; 6] = [0xc4, prefix_1, prefix_2, opcode, OPC_BYTE_TABLE[operands as usize], imm]; + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&bytes); + if decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok() { + // two byte instructions were covered by `verify_kvm`, novel instructions are three + // bytes (or longer..?) + use yaxpeax_arch::LengthedInstruction; + let inst_len = 0.wrapping_offset(buf.len()) as usize; + if inst_len != bytes.len() { + continue; + } + + if not_generic(&buf) { + continue; + } + + vm.set_regs(&initial_regs).unwrap(); + let res = check_behavior(&mut vm, &bytes[..inst_len]); + match res { + Ok(()) => {} + Err(CheckErr::ComplexOp(op)) => { + // uncheckable but not a failure + eprintln!("cannot check {:?}", op); + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + + #[test] + fn behavior_verify_kvm_evex_noimm() { + use yaxpeax_arch::{Decoder, U8Reader}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Instruction; + + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + let decoder = host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + let initial_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + + #[allow(non_snake_case)] + for opcode in 0x00..=u8::MAX { + for prefix_bits in 0x00..0x1000u16 { + let mmm = prefix_bits & 0b111; + let prefix_1 = (0xf0 | mmm) as u8; + + let pp = (prefix_bits >> 3) & 0b11; + let z = (prefix_bits >> 5) & 1; + let b = (prefix_bits >> 6) & 1; + let W = (prefix_bits >> 7) & 1; + let LL = (prefix_bits >> 8) & 0b11; + let k = (prefix_bits >> 10) & 11; + + let prefix_2 = (0x7c | (W << 7) | pp) as u8; + + let aaa = [0b000, 0b001, 0b010, 0b111][k as usize]; + let prefix_3 = (0x08 | aaa | b << 4 | LL << 5 | z << 7) as u8; + + let operands = (prefix_bits >> 9) & 0b1; + static OPC_BYTE_TABLE: [u8; 2] = [0xc1, 0x01]; + + let bytes: [u8; 6] = [0x62, prefix_1, prefix_2, prefix_3, opcode, OPC_BYTE_TABLE[operands as usize]]; + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&bytes); + if decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok() { + // two byte instructions were covered by `verify_kvm`, novel instructions are three + // bytes (or longer..?) + use yaxpeax_arch::LengthedInstruction; + let inst_len = 0.wrapping_offset(buf.len()) as usize; + if inst_len != bytes.len() { + continue; + } + + if not_generic(&buf) { + continue; + } + + vm.set_regs(&initial_regs).unwrap(); + let res = check_behavior(&mut vm, &bytes[..inst_len]); + match res { + Ok(()) => {} + Err(CheckErr::ComplexOp(op)) => { + // uncheckable but not a failure + eprintln!("cannot check {:?}", op); + } + } + } + } + } + } + + #[test] + fn behavior_verify_kvm_evex_imm() { + use yaxpeax_arch::{Decoder, U8Reader}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Instruction; + + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + let decoder = host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + let initial_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + + #[allow(non_snake_case)] + for opcode in 0x00..=u8::MAX { + for imm in [0x00, 0x01, 0x80, 0xff] { + for prefix_bits in 0x00..0x1000u16 { + let mmm = prefix_bits & 0b111; + let prefix_1 = (0xf0 | mmm) as u8; + + let pp = (prefix_bits >> 3) & 0b11; + let z = (prefix_bits >> 5) & 1; + let b = (prefix_bits >> 6) & 1; + let W = (prefix_bits >> 7) & 1; + let LL = (prefix_bits >> 8) & 0b11; + let k = (prefix_bits >> 10) & 11; + + let prefix_2 = (0x7c | (W << 7) | pp) as u8; + + let aaa = [0b000, 0b001, 0b010, 0b111][k as usize]; + let prefix_3 = (0x08 | aaa | b << 4 | LL << 5 | z << 7) as u8; + + let operands = (prefix_bits >> 9) & 0b1; + static OPC_BYTE_TABLE: [u8; 2] = [0xc1, 0x01]; + + let bytes: [u8; 7] = [0x62, prefix_1, prefix_2, prefix_3, opcode, OPC_BYTE_TABLE[operands as usize], imm]; + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&bytes); + if decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok() { + // two byte instructions were covered by `verify_kvm`, novel instructions are three + // bytes (or longer..?) + use yaxpeax_arch::LengthedInstruction; + let inst_len = 0.wrapping_offset(buf.len()) as usize; + if inst_len != bytes.len() { + continue; + } + + if not_generic(&buf) { + continue; + } + + vm.set_regs(&initial_regs).unwrap(); + let res = check_behavior(&mut vm, &bytes[..inst_len]); + match res { + Ok(()) => {} + Err(CheckErr::ComplexOp(op)) => { + // uncheckable but not a failure + eprintln!("cannot check {:?}", op); + } + } + } + } + } + } + } + + // use the generic test harness for a handful of instructions that don't get covered in the + // general enumeration above + #[test] + fn behavior_verify_kvm_misc() { + use yaxpeax_arch::{Decoder, U8Reader}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Instruction; + + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + let decoder = host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + let initial_regs = vm.get_regs().unwrap(); + + static MISC_INSTS: &'static [&'static [u8]] = &[ + // cmppd xmm0, xmmword [rcx], 0x75 + &[0x66, 0x0f, 0xc2, 0x01, 0x75], + // cmpps xmm0, xmmword [rcx], 0x75 + &[0x0f, 0xc2, 0x01, 0x75], + // shufpd xmm0, xmmword [rcx], 0x75 + &[0x66, 0x0f, 0xc6, 0x01, 0x75], + // shufps xmm0, xmmword [rcx], 0x75 + &[0x0f, 0xc6, 0x01, 0x75], + // lzcnt eax, dword [rcx] + &[0xf3, 0x0f, 0xbd, 0x01], + // adcx eax, dword [rcx] + &[0x66, 0x0f, 0x38, 0xf6, 0x01], + // adox eax, dword [rcx] + &[0xf3, 0x0f, 0x38, 0xf6, 0x01], + // crc32 eax, byte [rcx] + &[0xf2, 0x0f, 0x38, 0xf0, 0xc1], + ]; + for bytes in MISC_INSTS.iter() { + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&bytes); + if decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok() { + eprint!("checking behavior of {:02x}", bytes[0]); + for b in &bytes[1..] { + eprint!(" {:02x}", b); + } + eprint!("\n"); + + vm.set_regs(&initial_regs).unwrap(); + check_behavior(&mut vm, bytes).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + } + } + + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Operand; + fn not_generic(instr: &Instruction) -> bool { + if sse_gpr::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + // not having reads for xmm registers yet, these don't fit well with the test harness.. + return true; + } + + if table_instrs::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + // tested under `mod table_instrs`. + return true; + } + + if ptwrite::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if vm_instrs::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + // this generic testing facility is not appropriate for VM instructions. + return true; + } + + if ctrl_instrs::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + // control registers complicate testing against permutations, since those reuse + // the VM. + return true; + } + + if enqcmd::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + static COMPLEX: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::SYSCALL, + Opcode::SYSRET, + Opcode::PREFETCHW, + Opcode::PREFETCHNTA, + Opcode::PREFETCH2, + Opcode::PREFETCH1, + Opcode::PREFETCH0, + Opcode::MOVDIR64B, + ]; + + if COMPLEX.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if instr.opcode() == Opcode::INVPCID { + // this #UDs in the VM? is it because i'm not setting invpcid in cpuid.. + return true; + } + + if instr.opcode() == Opcode::RDPID { + // rdpid is a specialized rdmsr + return true; + } + + if instr.opcode() == Opcode::RDTSCP { + // raises #UD without CPUID leaf 80000001 edx.rdtscp (bit 27) + return true; + } + + if instr.opcode() == Opcode::INVLPGB { + // guest is not configured to permit invlpgb + return true; + } + + if instr.opcode() == Opcode::TLBSYNC { + // guest is not configured to permit tlbsync + return true; + } + + if cet::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if rands::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if xsave::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if pconfig::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if mpk::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if selector_load::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if undef::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if cmov::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if tdx::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if waitpkg::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if uintr::OPCODES.contains(&instr.opcode()) { + return true; + } + + if Opcode::MONITOR == instr.opcode() { + return true; + } + + if Opcode::MWAIT == instr.opcode() { + return true; + } + + if instr.opcode() == Opcode::LAR || instr.opcode() == Opcode::LSL { + // TODO: needs explicit test (conditional write of dest..) + return true; + } + + if instr.operand_present(0) { + if let Operand::Register { reg } = instr.operand(0) { + if reg.class() == register_class::CR { + return true; + } + + if reg.class() == register_class::DR { + return true; + } + } + } + + if instr.mem_size().is_some() { + if instr.opcode() == Opcode::BT || + instr.opcode() == Opcode::BTS || + instr.opcode() == Opcode::BTR || + instr.opcode() == Opcode::BTC { + return true; + } + } + + return false; + } + + mod cet { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::WRUSS, + Opcode::WRSS, + Opcode::INCSSP, + Opcode::SAVEPREVSSP, + Opcode::SETSSBSY, + Opcode::CLRSSBSY, + Opcode::RSTORSSP, + Opcode::ENDBR64, + Opcode::ENDBR32, + ]; + } + + // TODO: these don't fit in the generic harness because the destination register is scrombled + // and checking permutations will assume the instruction depends on some missed read (which + // *is* kinda true...) + mod rands { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::RDRAND, + Opcode::RDSEED, + ]; + } + + mod cmov { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::CMOVA, + Opcode::CMOVNA, + Opcode::CMOVB, + Opcode::CMOVNB, + Opcode::CMOVG, + Opcode::CMOVLE, + Opcode::CMOVL, + Opcode::CMOVGE, + Opcode::CMOVO, + Opcode::CMOVNO, + Opcode::CMOVP, + Opcode::CMOVNP, + Opcode::CMOVS, + Opcode::CMOVNS, + Opcode::CMOVZ, + Opcode::CMOVNZ, + ]; + + } + + mod tdx { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::TDCALL, + Opcode::SEAMRET, + Opcode::SEAMOPS, + Opcode::SEAMCALL, + ]; + + } + + mod waitpkg { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::TPAUSE, + Opcode::UMONITOR, + Opcode::UMWAIT, + ]; + + } + + mod uintr { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::UIRET, + Opcode::SENDUIPI, + Opcode::TESTUI, + Opcode::CLUI, + Opcode::STUI, + ]; + + } + + mod undef { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::UD0, + Opcode::UD1, + Opcode::UD2, + ]; + + } + + // these need standalone testing because loading a bogus selector produces #GP + mod selector_load { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::LFS, + Opcode::LGS, + Opcode::LSS, + Opcode::SWAPGS, + ]; + + } + + mod xsave { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::FXSAVE, + Opcode::FXRSTOR, + Opcode::XSAVE, + Opcode::XSAVEOPT, + Opcode::XSAVEC, + Opcode::XSAVEC64, + Opcode::XSAVES, + Opcode::XSAVES64, + Opcode::XRSTOR, + Opcode::XRSTORS, + Opcode::XRSTORS64, + ]; + + } + + mod pconfig { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::PCONFIG, + Opcode::SKINIT, + ]; + + } + + mod ptwrite { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::PTWRITE, + ]; + + } + + mod mpk { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::RDPKRU, + Opcode::WRPKRU, + ]; + + } + + mod ctrl_instrs { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::CLTS, + Opcode::XGETBV, + Opcode::XSETBV, + Opcode::LDMXCSR, + Opcode::STMXCSR, + Opcode::LMSW, + Opcode::SMSW, + Opcode::SWAPGS, + Opcode::RDFSBASE, + Opcode::WRFSBASE, + Opcode::RDGSBASE, + Opcode::WRGSBASE, + ]; + + } + + mod enqcmd { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::ENQCMD, + Opcode::ENQCMDS, + ]; + + } + + // instructions related to operating VT-x/SVM virtual machines. + // TODO: these are not (yet) tested. + mod vm_instrs { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::STGI, + Opcode::CLGI, + Opcode::VMREAD, + Opcode::VMWRITE, + Opcode::VMCLEAR, + Opcode::VMLAUNCH, + Opcode::VMRESUME, + Opcode::VMXON, + Opcode::VMXOFF, + Opcode::VMFUNC, + Opcode::VMPTRLD, + Opcode::VMPTRST, + Opcode::VMMCALL, + Opcode::VMLOAD, + Opcode::VMSAVE, + Opcode::VMRUN, + Opcode::VMCALL, + ]; + } + + mod sse_gpr { + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::Opcode; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::PEXTRB, + Opcode::PEXTRW, + Opcode::PEXTRD, + Opcode::EXTRACTPS, + ]; + } + + // check the collection of {l,s}{g,i,l}dt. these instructions are at the combination of + // "interesting memory size" and "interesting [non]interaction with prefixes" + // + // because these modify VM control structures, the VM is not retained across checks in a test. + mod table_instrs { + use super::create_test_vm; + use super::MemPatch; + use super::check_behavior_with_regs; + use super::TestAccesses; + use super::ExpectedRegAccess; + use super::ExpectedMemAccess; + + use yaxpeax_arch::{Decoder, U8Reader}; + use yaxpeax_x86::long_mode::{Instruction, Opcode, RegSpec}; + + pub static OPCODES: &'static [Opcode] = &[ + Opcode::LGDT, + Opcode::SGDT, + Opcode::LIDT, + Opcode::SIDT, + Opcode::LLDT, + Opcode::SLDT, + Opcode::LTR, + Opcode::STR, + ]; + + #[test] + fn verify_lgdt() { + let decoder = super::host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + + const PATCH_ADDR: u64 = 0x1_0000_0000; + + // the instructions below read `[rax]`, so set `rax` as used and declare it in + // `used_regs` so randomization does not clobber. + let mut used_regs = [false; 16]; + used_regs[0] = true; + + let tests: Vec<(&'static [u8], TestAccesses)> = vec![ + // lgdt mword [rax] + (&[0x0f, 0x01, 0x10], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: false, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + (&[0x66, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x10], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: false, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + (&[0x67, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x10], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: false, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + ]; + + for (inst, accs) in tests.into_iter() { + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + // set up lgdt to re-load the same gdt. + let mut patch_bytes = Vec::new(); + patch_bytes.extend_from_slice(&4095u16.to_le_bytes()); + patch_bytes.extend_from_slice(&vm.gdt_addr().0.to_le_bytes()); + let patch = MemPatch { + addr: PATCH_ADDR, + bytes: patch_bytes, + }; + let mut regs = vm.get_regs().expect("can get regs"); + regs.rax = patch.addr; + vm.set_regs(®s).expect("can set regs"); + + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&inst); + assert!(decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok()); + + check_behavior_with_regs(&mut vm, &inst, Some(accs), &[patch]).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + } + + #[test] + fn verify_lidt() { + let decoder = super::host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + + const PATCH_ADDR: u64 = 0x1_0000_0000; + + // the instructions below read `[rax]`, so set `rax` as used and declare it in + // `used_regs` so randomization does not clobber. + let mut used_regs = [false; 16]; + used_regs[0] = true; + + let tests: Vec<(&'static [u8], TestAccesses)> = vec![ + // iidt mword [rax] + (&[0x0f, 0x01, 0x18], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: false, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + (&[0x66, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x18], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: false, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + (&[0x67, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x18], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: false, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + ]; + + for (inst, accs) in tests.into_iter() { + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + // set up lidt to re-load the same idt. + let mut patch_bytes = Vec::new(); + patch_bytes.extend_from_slice(&4095u16.to_le_bytes()); + patch_bytes.extend_from_slice(&vm.idt_addr().0.to_le_bytes()); + let patch = MemPatch { + addr: PATCH_ADDR, + bytes: patch_bytes, + }; + let mut regs = vm.get_regs().expect("can get regs"); + regs.rax = patch.addr; + vm.set_regs(®s).expect("can set regs"); + + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&inst); + assert!(decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok()); + + check_behavior_with_regs(&mut vm, &inst, Some(accs), &[patch]).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + } + + #[test] + fn verify_lldt() { + let decoder = super::host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + + const PATCH_ADDR: u64 = 0x1_0000_0000; + + // the instructions below read `[rax]`, so set `rax` as used and declare it in + // `used_regs` so randomization does not clobber. + let mut used_regs = [false; 16]; + used_regs[0] = true; + + let tests: Vec<(&'static [u8], TestAccesses)> = vec![ + // iidt mword [rax] + (&[0x0f, 0x00, 0x10], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: false, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 2 }], + }), + (&[0x66, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x10], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: false, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 2 }], + }), + (&[0x67, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x10], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: false, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 2 }], + }), + ]; + + for (inst, accs) in tests.into_iter() { + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + + // quoth SDM: + // > If bits 2-15 of the source operand are 0, LDTR is marked invalid and the LLDT + // > instruction completes silently. However, all subsequent references to + // > descriptors in the LDT (except by the LAR, VERR, VERW or LSL instructions) cause + // > a general protection exception (#GP). + let mut patch_bytes = Vec::new(); + patch_bytes.extend_from_slice(&0u16.to_le_bytes()); + let patch = MemPatch { + addr: PATCH_ADDR, + bytes: patch_bytes, + }; + let mut regs = vm.get_regs().expect("can get regs"); + regs.rax = patch.addr; + vm.set_regs(®s).expect("can set regs"); + + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&inst); + assert!(decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok()); + + check_behavior_with_regs(&mut vm, &inst, Some(accs), &[patch]).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + } + + #[test] + fn verify_table_stores() { + let decoder = super::host_decoder(); + let mut buf = Instruction::default(); + + const PATCH_ADDR: u64 = 0x1_0000_0000; + + // the instructions below read `[rax]`, so set `rax` as used and declare it in + // `used_regs` so randomization does not clobber. + let mut used_regs = [false; 16]; + used_regs[0] = true; + + let tests: Vec<(&'static [u8], TestAccesses)> = vec![ + // sgdt + (&[0x0f, 0x01, 0x00], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: true, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + (&[0x66, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x00], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: true, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + (&[0x67, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x00], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: true, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + // sidt + (&[0x0f, 0x01, 0x08], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: true, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + (&[0x66, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x08], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: true, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + (&[0x67, 0x0f, 0x01, 0x08], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: true, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 10 }], + }), + // sldt + (&[0x0f, 0x00, 0x00], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: true, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 2 }], + }), + (&[0x66, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: true, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 2 }], + }), + (&[0x67, 0x0f, 0x00, 0x00], TestAccesses { + preserve_rsp: true, + used_regs, + expected_reg: vec![ExpectedRegAccess { write: false, reg: RegSpec::rax() }], + expected_mem: vec![ExpectedMemAccess { write: true, addr: PATCH_ADDR, size: 2 }], + }), + ]; + + for (inst, accs) in tests.into_iter() { + let mut vm = create_test_vm(); + vm.set_single_step(true).expect("can enable single-step"); + let mut regs = vm.get_regs().expect("can get regs"); + regs.rax = PATCH_ADDR; + vm.set_regs(®s).expect("can set regs"); + + let mut reader = U8Reader::new(&inst); + assert!(decoder.decode_into(&mut buf, &mut reader).is_ok()); + + check_behavior_with_regs(&mut vm, &inst, Some(accs), &[]).expect("behavior check is ok"); + } + } + } +} diff --git a/test/long_mode/mod.rs b/test/long_mode/mod.rs index f803692..eaca39d 100644 --- a/test/long_mode/mod.rs +++ b/test/long_mode/mod.rs @@ -9,6 +9,8 @@ mod display; mod descriptions; mod evex_generated; mod reuse_test; +#[cfg(feature="behavior")] +mod behavior; use std::fmt::Write; diff --git a/test/long_mode/reuse_test.rs b/test/long_mode/reuse_test.rs index ad8e890..8742041 100644 --- a/test/long_mode/reuse_test.rs +++ b/test/long_mode/reuse_test.rs @@ -1981,18 +1981,18 @@ const INSTRUCTIONS: [&'static [u8]; 1975] = [ #[test] fn test_against_leftover_data() { - use super::rand::{thread_rng, Rng}; + use super::rand::{rngs::ThreadRng, RngExt}; use yaxpeax_arch::U8Reader; - let mut rng = thread_rng(); + let mut rng = ThreadRng::default(); let decoder = InstDecoder::default(); for _ in 0..100000 { - let first_vec = INSTRUCTIONS[rng.gen_range(0..INSTRUCTIONS.len())]; + let first_vec = INSTRUCTIONS[rng.random_range(0..INSTRUCTIONS.len())]; let mut first_reader = U8Reader::new(first_vec); let first_decode = decoder.decode(&mut first_reader).unwrap(); - let second_vec = INSTRUCTIONS[rng.gen_range(0..INSTRUCTIONS.len())]; + let second_vec = INSTRUCTIONS[rng.random_range(0..INSTRUCTIONS.len())]; let mut second_reader = U8Reader::new(second_vec); let mut reused_decode = decoder.decode(&mut second_reader).unwrap(); let mut first_reader = U8Reader::new(first_vec); |